Kinds of knowledge

Introduction · anwāʿ al-ʿilm al-ḥādith · pp. 21–22

أَنْوَاعُ الْعِلْمِ الْحَادِثِ

Concept · nog niet nagekeken

Tekst in het Arabisch naar de druk van Jakarta 1434/2013 · vertaling door The Mantiqi, concept

Over deze tekst

al-Sullam al-munawraq السُّلَّمُ الْمُنَوْرَقُ

ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Akhḍarī (d. 983/1575)

Tekst: Arabisch, door The Mantiqi overgeschreven uit deze druk: Mutūn al-manṭiq wa-l-ḥikma: Īsāghūjī wa-l-Sullam al-munawraq, Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmiyya, Jakarta 1434/2013, pp. 20–32 Bekijk de scan
De lessen volgen: De lessen zijn de eigen uitleg van The Mantiqi, hoofdstuk voor hoofdstuk van de tekst zelf.
Vertaling: Van The Mantiqi zelf; een concept.
Controle: Concept, wacht op controle door Ustadh Muhammad Yusuf.

De tekst

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Lees de hele tekst in het Arabisch →

Origineel in het Arabisch, Mutūn al-manṭiq wa-l-ḥikma: Īsāghūjī wa-l-Sullam al-munawraq, Jakarta 1434/2013

إِدْرَاكُ مُفْرَدٍ تَصَوُّرًا عُلِمْوَدَرْكُ نِسْبَةٍ بِتَصْدِيقٍ وُسِمْ

وَقَدِّمِ الْأَوَّلَ عِنْدَ الْوَضْعِلِأَنَّهُ مُقَدَّمٌ بِالطَّبْعِ

Perceiving a single thing is known as conception; perceiving a relation is called assent. Put the first first when setting out, because it comes first by nature.

Google Translate ↗pp. 21–22

وَالنَّظَرِي مَا احْتَاجَ لِلتَّأَمُّلِوَعَكْسُهُ هُوَ الضَّرُورِيُّ الْجَلِي

وَمَا بِهِ إِلَى تَصَوُّرٍ وُصِلْيُدْعَى بِقَوْلٍ شَارِحٍ فَلْتَبْتَهِلْ

وَمَا لِتَصْدِيقٍ بِهِ تُوُصِّلَابِحُجَّةٍ يُعْرَفُ عِنْدَ الْعُقَلَا

The theoretical is what needs reflection, and its opposite is the necessary, the evident. What leads to a conception is called an explanatory phrase — so take note; and what is used to reach an assent is known among the wise as a proof.

Google Translate ↗p. 22

De les

Created — the knowledge of creatures, as opposed to God's — is of two kinds. Perceiving a single thing is (taṣawwur); perceiving a relation, that one thing is or is not another, is (taṣdīq). Conception is put first in teaching because it comes first by nature: an assent always needs the conceptions of its parts.

Each is either theoretical (naẓarī), needing , or necessary (ḍarūrī), evident without it. What leads to an unknown is the explanatory phrase (qawl shāriḥ), that is, a ; what leads to an unknown is a proof (ḥujja). These two — definition and proof — are the two halves of the poem.

Begrippen

الْعِلْمُ الْحَادِثُ al-ʿilm al-ḥādith: created knowledge, the knowledge of creatures
التَّصَوُّرُ al-taṣawwur: conception: perceiving a single thing
التَّصْدِيقُ al-taṣdīq: assent: perceiving a relation
النَّظَرِيُّ al-naẓarī: theoretical: needs reflection
الضَّرُورِيُّ al-ḍarūrī: necessary: evident
الْقَوْلُ الشَّارِحُ al-qawl al-shāriḥ: explanatory phrase: leads to a conception
الْحُجَّةُ al-ḥujja: proof: leads to an assent

Voorbeelden

إِدْرَاكُ مُفْرَدٍ تَصَوُّرًا عُلِمْ
perceiving a single thing is known as conception

Test jezelf

3 vragen over deze les. Met 6 of meer van de 10 (twee sterren) gaat de volgende les open.

Vraag 1
Why is conception put before assent?
Vraag 2
What leads to an unknown assent?
Vraag 3
Knowledge that needs reflection is called…

Volgende les: The three kinds of signification

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