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Terkunci
The conditions of the figures
Kembali ke Ḥāshiyat al-Bājūrī ʿalā al-SullamJalur Afrika Utara · tingkat 2 · Ḥāshiyat al-Bājūrī ʿalā al-Sullam · Pelajaran 14 dari 18
The conditions of the figures
The syllogism · shurūṭ al-ashkāl · hlm. 92
شُرُوطُ الأَشْكالِ
Draf · menunggu pemeriksaan
Pelajaran kami sendiri dengan kutipan dari cetakan Cairo 1324/1906 · terjemahan The Mantiqi, draf
Tentang teks ini
Ḥāshiyat al-Bājūrī ʿalā al-Sullam حاشِيَةُ الباجُورِيِّ عَلَى السُّلَّمِ
Ibrāhīm al-Bājūrī (d. 1276/1860)
- Teks
- Arab: bagian-bagian yang dikutip dalam pelajaran, disalin oleh The Mantiqi dari cetakan ini (seluruh teks tidak dimuat): Ḥāshiyat al-Bājūrī ʿalā matn al-Sullam, with al-Anbābī's taqrīr in the margin, al-Maṭbaʿa al-Azhariyya al-Miṣriyya (2nd printing), Cairo 1324/1906, pp. 26–112 (passages) Lihat pindaian
- Pelajaran mengikuti
- Pelajaran ini adalah penjelasan The Mantiqi sendiri atas Sullam, bait demi bait, mengikuti Ibrāhīm al-Bājūrī; kata-katanya dikutip di tempat yang paling penting.
- Terjemahan
- Karya The Mantiqi sendiri; draf.
- Tinjauan
- Draf, menunggu tinjauan Ustadh Muhammad Yusuf.
Dalam kata-kata Ibrāhīm al-Bājūrī
Perlu bahasa lain? “Google Terjemahan” membuka sebuah bagian di terjemahan mesin Google — berguna untuk gambaran awal, tetapi tidak kami periksa. Atau salin teksnya ke penerjemah pilihanmu.
Dikutip dari teks bahasa Arab Ḥāshiyat al-Bājūrī ʿalā matn al-Sullam, with al-Anbābī's taqrīr in the margin, Cairo 1324/1906
لا يَخْفَى أَنَّ الشَّرْطَ الأَوَّلَ مِنْ حَيْثُ الكَيْفُ، وَالشَّرْطَ الثّانِيَ مِنْ حَيْثُ الكَمُّ، وَإِنَّما كانَ ما ذُكِرَ شَرْطَ الإِنْتاجِ لِأَنَّهُ لَوِ انْتَفَى إِيجابُ الصُّغْرَى لَاضْطَرَبَتِ النَّتِيجَةُ، فَقَدْ تَصْدُقُ كَما فِي قَوْلِكَ: لا شَيْءَ مِنَ الإِنْسانِ بِحَجَرٍ، وَكُلُّ حَجَرٍ جَمادٌ، وَقَدْ تَكْذِبُ كَما لَوْ أَبْدَلْتَ الكُبْرَى فِي المِثالِ المَذْكُورِ بِقَوْلِكَ: وَكُلُّ حَجَرٍ جِسْمٌ.
Clearly the first condition concerns quality and the second quantity. They are conditions of producing a conclusion because, were the minor not affirmative, the conclusion would waver: it may be true, as in “No human is a stone, and every stone is inanimate”, and it may be false, as if you replaced the major in that example with “and every stone is a body”.
Google Terjemahan ↗hlm. 92
Pelajaran
The Sullam gives the conditions of each : in the first, the and the ; in the second, the differing in quality and the major universal; in the third, the minor affirmative and one premise universal; in the fourth, as the poem sets out.
Al-Bājūrī explains why the conditions are what they are. The first condition of the first concerns quality, the second quantity; and they are conditions because without them the “wavers”: from the same form one would get a true conclusion with some matter and a false one with other matter, so nothing would follow of itself.
His example: “no human is a stone, and every stone is inanimate” would yield the true “no human is inanimate”; but replace the with “every stone is a body”, and the same form yields the false “no human is a body”. A form that can yield both is not a valid mood.
Istilah
- الضَّرْبُ al-ḍarb
- mood: a combination of premises in a figure
- الإِنْتاجُ al-intāj
- yielding a conclusion
- اضْطِرابُ النَّتِيجَةِ iḍṭirāb al-natīja
- the wavering of the conclusion: true with one matter, false with another
Contoh
لا شَيْءَ مِنَ الإِنْسانِ بِحَجَرٍ وَكُلُّ حَجَرٍ جِسْمٌ
with a negative minor, the first figure would yield the false “no human is a body”
Uji dirimu
3 soal tentang pelajaran ini. Dengan nilai 6 dari 10 atau lebih (dua bintang), pelajaran berikutnya terbuka.
Soal 1
What are the two conditions of the first figure?
The minor must be affirmative (a condition of quality) and the major universal (a condition of quantity).
Soal 2
Why, according to al-Bājūrī, is the affirmative minor a condition?
“Were the minor not affirmative, the conclusion would waver: it may be true … and it may be false.”
Soal 3
What does the second figure require in quality?
In the second figure the premises must differ in quality and the major be universal.
Pelajaran berikutnya: The exceptive syllogism
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