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Whole and universal, part and particular
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Whole and universal, part and particular
Conceptions · al-kull wa-l-kulliyya · с. 59
الكُلُّ وَالكُلِّيَّةُ
Черновик · ждёт проверки
Наши уроки с цитатами из издания Cairo 1324/1906 · перевод The Mantiqi, черновик
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Ḥāshiyat al-Bājūrī ʿalā al-Sullam حاشِيَةُ الباجُورِيِّ عَلَى السُّلَّمِ
Ibrāhīm al-Bājūrī (d. 1276/1860)
- Текст
- Арабский: отрывки, цитируемые в уроках, переписаны The Mantiqi с этого издания (весь текст не воспроизводится): Ḥāshiyat al-Bājūrī ʿalā matn al-Sullam, with al-Anbābī's taqrīr in the margin, al-Maṭbaʿa al-Azhariyya al-Miṣriyya (2nd printing), Cairo 1324/1906, pp. 26–112 (passages) Посмотреть скан
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- Уроки — собственные объяснения The Mantiqi к «ас-Сулламу», бейт за бейтом, вслед за автором (Ibrāhīm al-Bājūrī); его слова цитируются там, где они важнее всего.
- Перевод
- Собственный перевод The Mantiqi; черновик.
- Проверка
- Черновик, ожидает проверки: Ustadh Muhammad Yusuf.
Словами автора: Ibrāhīm al-Bājūrī
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Цитаты по тексту на арабском: Ḥāshiyat al-Bājūrī ʿalā matn al-Sullam, with al-Anbābī's taqrīr in the margin, Cairo 1324/1906
(قَوْلُهُ عَلَى المَجْمُوعِ) أَيْ عَلَى الأَفْرادِ المُجْتَمِعَةِ جَمِيعِها كَما هُوَ الحَقِيقَةُ فِي إِطْلاقِ المَجْمُوعِ، أَوْ عَلَى بَعْضِ الأَفْرادِ المُجْتَمِعَةِ كَما هُوَ المَجازُ فِيهِ؛ فَالأَوَّلُ كَما فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعالَى: ﴿وَيَحْمِلُ عَرْشَ رَبِّكَ فَوْقَهُمْ يَوْمَئِذٍ ثَمانِيَةٌ﴾، وَالثّانِي كَما فِي قَوْلِكَ: أَهْلُ الأَزْهَرِ عُلَماءُ، وَقَدْ يَكُونُ الكَلامُ مُحْتَمِلًا لِلأَمْرَيْنِ كَما فِي قَوْلِهِمْ: بَنُو تَمِيمٍ يَحْمِلُونَ الصَّخْرَةَ العَظِيمَةَ.
(His words “on the whole”): that is, on all the individuals taken together, which is the literal use of “whole”; or on some of the individuals taken together, which is its figurative use. The first is as in the words of God Most High, “And above them, on that day, eight will bear the Throne of your Lord”; the second as when you say, “The people of al-Azhar are scholars.” A sentence may allow both, as when they say, “The Banū Tamīm carry the great rock.”
Google Переводчик ↗с. 59
Урок
The Sullam distinguishes four things that are easily confused: the whole (kull), a judgement on the group taken together; the judgement (kulliyya), a judgement on each member; the part (juzʾ); and the judgement (juzʾiyya), on some members.
Al-Bājūrī shows the line between them in language. “The whole” is used literally of all the members taken together, as in the verse of the Qurʾān, “And above them, on that day, eight will bear the Throne of your Lord”: the eight together bear it. It is used figuratively of some members taken together, as when one says “the people of al-Azhar are scholars”.
A sentence may allow both readings, as in his example: “the Banū Tamīm carry the great rock” may mean that all of them together carry it, or that some of them together do, since no one of them could carry it alone. What it cannot mean is a judgement on each.
Понятия
- الكُلُّ al-kull
- the whole: a judgement on the group taken together
- الكُلِّيَّةُ al-kulliyya
- the universal judgement: on each member
- الجُزْئِيَّةُ al-juzʾiyya
- the particular judgement: on some members
Примеры
بَنُو تَمِيمٍ يَحْمِلُونَ الصَّخْرَةَ العَظِيمَةَ
“the Banū Tamīm carry the great rock”: a judgement on the whole, not on each
Проверьте себя
Вопросов по этому уроку: 3. С 6 из 10 и выше (две звезды) открывается следующий урок.
Вопрос 1
“The Banū Tamīm carry the great rock” is a judgement on…
It is a judgement on the whole; no single Tamīmī carries the rock.
Вопрос 2
Which example does al-Bājūrī give for the literal use of “the whole”, on all the members taken together?
He cites the verse of the Throne borne by eight as the literal use; “the people of al-Azhar are scholars” is the figurative one.
Вопрос 3
Why is “the people of al-Azhar are scholars” a figurative use of the whole?
It is said of some of the members taken together, which is the figurative use of “the whole”.
Следующий урок: The definers: two kinds or three?
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