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The definers: two kinds or three?
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The definers: two kinds or three?
Conceptions · aqsām al-muʿarrif · с. 61
أَقْسامُ المُعَرِّفِ
Черновик · ждёт проверки
Наши уроки с цитатами из издания Cairo 1324/1906 · перевод The Mantiqi, черновик
Об этом тексте
Ḥāshiyat al-Bājūrī ʿalā al-Sullam حاشِيَةُ الباجُورِيِّ عَلَى السُّلَّمِ
Ibrāhīm al-Bājūrī (d. 1276/1860)
- Текст
- Арабский: отрывки, цитируемые в уроках, переписаны The Mantiqi с этого издания (весь текст не воспроизводится): Ḥāshiyat al-Bājūrī ʿalā matn al-Sullam, with al-Anbābī's taqrīr in the margin, al-Maṭbaʿa al-Azhariyya al-Miṣriyya (2nd printing), Cairo 1324/1906, pp. 26–112 (passages) Посмотреть скан
- Уроки идут по
- Уроки — собственные объяснения The Mantiqi к «ас-Сулламу», бейт за бейтом, вслед за автором (Ibrāhīm al-Bājūrī); его слова цитируются там, где они важнее всего.
- Перевод
- Собственный перевод The Mantiqi; черновик.
- Проверка
- Черновик, ожидает проверки: Ustadh Muhammad Yusuf.
Словами автора: Ibrāhīm al-Bājūrī
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Цитаты по тексту на арабском: Ḥāshiyat al-Bājūrī ʿalā matn al-Sullam, with al-Anbābī's taqrīr in the margin, Cairo 1324/1906
وَزادَ بَعْضُهُمُ التَّعْرِيفَ بِالمِثالِ، كَقَوْلِهِمْ: العِلْمُ كَالنُّورِ وَالجَهْلُ كَالظُّلْمَةِ، وَالتَّعْرِيفَ بِالتَّقْسِيمِ، كَقَوْلِهِمْ: العِلْمُ تَصَوُّرٌ وَتَصْدِيقٌ، وَالتَّحْقِيقُ أَنَّ كُلًّا مِنْهُما كَالتَّعْرِيفِ اللَّفْظِيِّ داخِلٌ فِي الرَّسْمِ، لِأَنَّهُ مِنَ التَّعْرِيفِ بِالخاصَّةِ … وَعَلَى هٰذا فَالمُعَرِّفُ عَلَى قِسْمَيْنِ فَقَطْ، فَتَكُونُ القِسْمَةُ ثُنائِيَّةً لا ثُلاثِيَّةً كَما فَعَلَ المُصَنِّفُ.
Some added definition by example, as when they say, “Knowledge is like light and ignorance like darkness”, and definition by division, as when they say, “Knowledge is conception and assent.” The truth is that each of these, like the verbal definition, falls under description (rasm), because it is a definition by a property … On this view the definer is of two kinds only, and the division is twofold, not threefold as the author made it.
Google Переводчик ↗с. 61
Урок
The Sullam divides the definer into three: the real (ḥadd), by the and the ; the description (rasm), by the genus and a property; and the verbal definition (lafẓī), by a better-known word. Each must be equal to what it defines, clearer than it, and free of .
Al-Bājūrī reports that some added two more: by example (“ is like light, ignorance like darkness”) and definition by division (“knowledge is and ”). The truth, he says, is that both, and the verbal definition too, fall under description, because each defines by something proper to the thing: being like light is proper to knowledge, and dividing into these two is proper to it.
On that view the definer is of two kinds only, real and description, and the poem's threefold division becomes twofold. It is a good example of how the gloss works: it accepts the poem, then shows where a more exact account would put things.
Понятия
- الحَدُّ al-ḥadd
- real definition: by the genus and the differentia
- الرَّسْمُ al-rasm
- description: by a property
- التَّعْرِيفُ بِالمِثالِ al-taʿrīf bi-l-mithāl
- definition by example
Примеры
العِلْمُ كَالنُّورِ وَالجَهْلُ كَالظُّلْمَةِ
“knowledge is like light and ignorance like darkness”: definition by example
Проверьте себя
Вопросов по этому уроку: 3. С 6 из 10 и выше (две звезды) открывается следующий урок.
Вопрос 1
“Knowledge is like light” is, for those who added it, a definition by…
Some added definition by example, as in “knowledge is like light and ignorance like darkness”.
Вопрос 2
Where does al-Bājūrī place definition by example and by division?
“Each of these, like the verbal definition, falls under description, because it is a definition by a property.”
Вопрос 3
So into how many kinds does the definer fall on his view?
“On this view the definer is of two kinds only, and the division is twofold, not threefold as the author made it.”
Следующий урок: The proposition: what admits truth of itself
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