The definers: two kinds or three?

Conceptions · aqsām al-muʿarrif · p. 61

أَقْسامُ المُعَرِّفِ

Concept · nog niet nagekeken

Eigen lessen met citaten uit de druk van Cairo 1324/1906 · vertaling door The Mantiqi, concept

Over deze tekst

Ḥāshiyat al-Bājūrī ʿalā al-Sullam حاشِيَةُ الباجُورِيِّ عَلَى السُّلَّمِ

Ibrāhīm al-Bājūrī (d. 1276/1860)

Tekst: Arabisch: passages die in de lessen geciteerd worden, door The Mantiqi overgeschreven uit deze druk (de hele tekst wordt niet overgenomen): Ḥāshiyat al-Bājūrī ʿalā matn al-Sullam, with al-Anbābī's taqrīr in the margin, al-Maṭbaʿa al-Azhariyya al-Miṣriyya (2nd printing), Cairo 1324/1906, pp. 26–112 (passages) Bekijk de scan
De lessen volgen: De lessen zijn de eigen uitleg van The Mantiqi bij de Sullam, vers voor vers, in het spoor van Ibrāhīm al-Bājūrī; zijn woorden worden geciteerd waar ze het meest ertoe doen.
Vertaling: Van The Mantiqi zelf; een concept.
Controle: Concept, wacht op controle door Ustadh Muhammad Yusuf.

In de woorden van Ibrāhīm al-Bājūrī

Een andere taal nodig? “Google Translate” opent een passage in de machinevertaling van Google — handig voor een eerste indruk, maar niet door ons gecontroleerd. Of kopieer de tekst naar een vertaler naar keuze.

Geciteerd uit het Arabisch van Ḥāshiyat al-Bājūrī ʿalā matn al-Sullam, with al-Anbābī's taqrīr in the margin, Cairo 1324/1906

وَزادَ بَعْضُهُمُ التَّعْرِيفَ بِالمِثالِ، كَقَوْلِهِمْ: العِلْمُ كَالنُّورِ وَالجَهْلُ كَالظُّلْمَةِ، وَالتَّعْرِيفَ بِالتَّقْسِيمِ، كَقَوْلِهِمْ: العِلْمُ تَصَوُّرٌ وَتَصْدِيقٌ، وَالتَّحْقِيقُ أَنَّ كُلًّا مِنْهُما كَالتَّعْرِيفِ اللَّفْظِيِّ داخِلٌ فِي الرَّسْمِ، لِأَنَّهُ مِنَ التَّعْرِيفِ بِالخاصَّةِ … وَعَلَى هٰذا فَالمُعَرِّفُ عَلَى قِسْمَيْنِ فَقَطْ، فَتَكُونُ القِسْمَةُ ثُنائِيَّةً لا ثُلاثِيَّةً كَما فَعَلَ المُصَنِّفُ.

Some added definition by example, as when they say, “Knowledge is like light and ignorance like darkness”, and definition by division, as when they say, “Knowledge is conception and assent.” The truth is that each of these, like the verbal definition, falls under description (rasm), because it is a definition by a property … On this view the definer is of two kinds only, and the division is twofold, not threefold as the author made it.

Google Translate ↗p. 61

De les

The Sullam divides the definer into three: the real (ḥadd), by the and the ; the description (rasm), by the genus and a property; and the verbal definition (lafẓī), by a better-known word. Each must be equal to what it defines, clearer than it, and free of .

Al-Bājūrī reports that some added two more: by example (“ is like light, ignorance like darkness”) and definition by division (“knowledge is and ”). The truth, he says, is that both, and the verbal definition too, fall under description, because each defines by something proper to the thing: being like light is proper to knowledge, and dividing into these two is proper to it.

On that view the definer is of two kinds only, real and description, and the poem's threefold division becomes twofold. It is a good example of how the gloss works: it accepts the poem, then shows where a more exact account would put things.

Begrippen

الحَدُّ al-ḥadd: real definition: by the genus and the differentia
الرَّسْمُ al-rasm: description: by a property
التَّعْرِيفُ بِالمِثالِ al-taʿrīf bi-l-mithāl: definition by example

Voorbeelden

العِلْمُ كَالنُّورِ وَالجَهْلُ كَالظُّلْمَةِ
“knowledge is like light and ignorance like darkness”: definition by example

Test jezelf

3 vragen over deze les. Met 6 of meer van de 10 (twee sterren) gaat de volgende les open.

Vraag 1
“Knowledge is like light” is, for those who added it, a definition by…
Vraag 2
Where does al-Bājūrī place definition by example and by division?
Vraag 3
So into how many kinds does the definer fall on his view?

Volgende les: The proposition: what admits truth of itself

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