الرئيسية / al-Sullam al-munawraq / الدَّرْسُ 10 مِنْ 18

مُقْفَل

Contradiction

العَوْدَةُ إِلَى al-Sullam al-munawraq

المَسارُ المَغارِبِيّ · المُسْتَوَى 1 · al-Sullam al-munawraq · الدَّرْسُ 10 مِنْ 18

Contradiction

Propositions · al-tanāquḍ · ص 25–26

التَّنَاقُضُ

مسوّدة · بانتظار المراجعة

النَّصُّ بِاللُّغَةِ العَرَبِيَّة عَلَى طَبْعَةِ Jakarta 1434/2013 · تَرْجَمَةُ The Mantiqi، مُسَوَّدَة

عَنْ هٰذا النَّصّ

al-Sullam al-munawraq السُّلَّمُ الْمُنَوْرَقُ

ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Akhḍarī (d. 983/1575)

النَّصّ
العَرَبِيَّة, نَقَلَهُ The Mantiqi مِنْ هٰذِهِ الطَّبْعَة: Mutūn al-manṭiq wa-l-ḥikma: Īsāghūjī wa-l-Sullam al-munawraq, Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmiyya, Jakarta 1434/2013, pp. 20–32 اعْرِضِ الصُّورَة
تَتْبَعُ الدُّرُوس
الدُّرُوسُ شَرْحُ The Mantiqi الخاصُّ، فَصْلًا فَصْلًا مِنَ النَّصِّ نَفْسِه.
التَّرْجَمَة
مِنْ عَمَلِ The Mantiqi؛ مُسَوَّدَة.
المُراجَعَة
مُسَوَّدَة، بِانْتِظارِ مُراجَعَةِ Ustadh Muhammad Yusuf.

النَّصّ

تَحْتاجُ لُغَةً أُخْرَى؟ «تَرْجَمَةُ Google» تَفْتَحُ المَقْطَعَ فِي التَّرْجَمَةِ الآلِيَّةِ مِنْ Google — مُفِيدَةٌ لِفِكْرَةٍ أُولَى، لٰكِنَّنا لَمْ نُراجِعْها. أَوِ انْسَخِ النَّصَّ إِلَى مُتَرْجِمٍ تَخْتارُه.

اقْرَإِ النَّصَّ كامِلًا بِاللُّغَةِ العَرَبِيَّة →

الأَصْلُ بِاللُّغَةِ العَرَبِيَّة، Mutūn al-manṭiq wa-l-ḥikma: Īsāghūjī wa-l-Sullam al-munawraq, Jakarta 1434/2013

تَنَاقُضٌ خُلْفُ الْقَضِيَّتَيْنِ فِيكَيْفٍ وَصِدْقُ وَاحِدٍ أَمْرٌ قُفِي

فَإِنْ تَكُنْ شَخْصِيَّةً أَوْ مُهْمَلَهْفَنَقْضُهَا بِالْكَيْفِ أَنْ تُبَدِّلَهْ

وَإِنْ تَكُنْ مَحْصُورَةً بِالسُّورِفَانْقُضْ بِضِدِّ سُورِهَا الْمَذْكُورِ

Contradiction is the difference of two propositions in quality, such that the truth of one follows. If it is personal or neglected, its contradictory is made by changing the quality; if it is quantified with a quantifier, contradict it with the opposite of its quantifier.

ص 25

فَإِنْ تَكُنْ مُوجَبَةً كُلِّيَّهْنَقِيضُهَا سَالِبَةٌ جُزْئِيَّهْ

وَإِنْ تَكُنْ سَالِبَةً كُلِّيَّهْنَقِيضُهَا مُوجَبَةٌ جُزْئِيَّهْ

If it is a universal affirmative, its contradictory is a particular negative; if it is a universal negative, its contradictory is a particular affirmative.

ص 26

الدَّرْس

is a difference between two in quality — against — such that the truth of one follows from the falsehood of the other. For a personal or a neglected proposition you contradict by changing the quality alone: “Zayd stands” — “Zayd does not stand”.

For a you change the as well, to its opposite. The “every man is an animal” is contradicted by the “not every man is an animal”; the “no man is a stone” by the “some man is a stone”.

المُصْطَلَحات

التَّنَاقُضُ al-tanāquḍ
contradiction
الْكَيْفُ al-kayf
quality: affirmative or negative
الْكَمُّ / السُّورُ al-kamm / al-sūr
quantity / quantifier

الأَمْثِلَة

  • كُلُّ إِنْسَانٍ حَيَوَانٌ / لَيْسَ كُلُّ إِنْسَانٍ حَيَوَانًا

    a universal affirmative and its contradictory

اخْتَبِرْ نَفْسَك

عَدَدُ الأَسْئِلَةِ عَلَى هٰذا الدَّرْسِ 3. بِسِتَّةٍ مِنْ عَشَرَةٍ فَأَكْثَرَ (نَجْمَتَيْن) يُفْتَحُ الدَّرْسُ التّالِي.

  1. السؤال 1

    How is a personal proposition contradicted?

  2. السؤال 2

    The contradictory of “no man is a stone” is…

  3. السؤال 3

    Contradiction is a difference in…

الدَّرْسُ التّالِي: Conversion

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