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Kilitli

Universal and particular; the four relations

Önizleme

3. seviyenin 3. dersine bir bakış. 3. seviye, 2. seviyeden sonra açılır; o zamana kadar bu dersi okuyabilirsin, ama testi ve devamı kapalı kalır.

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Hint yolu · 3. seviye · Tahdhīb al-manṭiq · Ders 3 / 16

Taslak · inceleme bekliyor

Universal and particular; the four relations

Beş küllî

الكُلِّيَّات الخَمْس

Cairo 1330/1912 baskısına göre Arapça metin · çeviri The Mantiqi, taslak

Bu metin hakkında

Tahdhīb al-manṭiq تَهْذِيبُ المَنْطِقِ

Saʿd al-Dīn al-Taftāzānī (d. 792/1390)

Metin: Arapça: Matn Tahdhīb al-manṭiq wa-l-kalām (the logic part; the notes on the kalām part not reproduced), with notes collected by ʿAbd al-Qādir Maʿrūf al-Kurdī al-Sanandajī; vowel marks added by The Mantiqi (draft); two misprints corrected to the usual reading (p. 6 yalzamu taṣawwuruhu min taṣawwuri l-malzūm for the print's yalzamu min taṣawwurihi taṣawwuru l-malzūm; p. 13 al-fiṭriyyāt for al-naẓariyyāt), Maṭbaʿat al-Saʿāda, Cairo 1330/1912 Taramayı gör
Çeviri: The Mantiqi'nin kendi çevirisi; taslak.
İnceleme: Taslak, Ustadh Muhammad Yusuf tarafından incelenmeyi bekliyor.

Metin Saʿd al-Dīn al-Taftāzānī

Çeviri şimdilik İngilizce.

فَصْلٌ

المَفْهُومُ إِنِ امْتَنَعَ فَرْضُ صِدْقِهِ عَلَى كَثِيرِينَ فَجُزْئِيٌّ، وَإِلّا فَكُلِّيٌّ، امْتَنَعَتْ أَفْرادُهُ، أَوْ أَمْكَنَتْ وَلَمْ تُوجَدْ، أَوْ وُجِدَ الواحِدُ فَقَطْ مَعَ إِمْكانِ الغَيْرِ أَوِ امْتِناعِهِ، أَوِ الكَثِيرُ مَعَ التَّناهِي أَوْ عَدَمِهِ.

A (mafhūm), if supposing it to be true of many is impossible, is (juzʾī); otherwise it is (kullī) — whether its instances are impossible; or possible but not found; or only one is found, while another is possible, or impossible; or many are found, finite or infinite in number.

Tahdhīb al-manṭiq · s. 5

وَالكُلِّيّانِ إِنْ تَفارَقا كُلِّيًّا فَمُتَبايِنانِ، وَإِلّا فَإِنْ تَصادَقا كُلِّيًّا مِنَ الجانِبَيْنِ فَمُتَساوِيانِ، وَنَقِيضاهُما كَذٰلِكَ، أَوْ مِنْ جانِبٍ فَأَعَمُّ وَأَخَصُّ مُطْلَقًا، وَنَقِيضاهُما بِالعَكْسِ، وَإِلّا فَمِنْ وَجْهٍ، وَبَيْنَ نَقِيضَيْهِما تَبايُنٌ جُزْئِيٌّ كَالمُتَبايِنَيْنِ. وَقَدْ يُقالُ الجُزْئِيُّ لِلأَخَصِّ، وَهُوَ أَعَمُّ.

Two , if they part entirely, are distinct (mutabāyin). If not: if each is true of everything the other is true of, they are equal (mutasāwī), and so are their contradictories; if this holds on one side only, they are more general and more absolutely, and their contradictories the other way round; otherwise they are more general and more particular in one respect, and between their contradictories there is a partial distinctness, as between two distinct universals. “Particular” is sometimes said of the more specific, and this is more general.

Tahdhīb al-manṭiq · s. 5

Kendini sına

Şerhin açıkladıkları üzerine 3 soru. 10 üzerinden 6 veya daha fazlasıyla (iki yıldız) sonraki ders açılır.

Soru 1
“The partner of God” is a universal concept although it has no instance. Why?
Soru 2
“Human” and “rational” are true of exactly the same things. What is the relation between them, and between their contradictories?
Soru 3
What lies between the contradictories of two universals that are general and particular in one respect, like “animal” and “white”?

Sıradaki ders: The five universals: genus and species

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