The Mantiqi

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    Universal and particular; the four relations

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    Indiaas pad · level 3 · Tahdhīb al-manṭiq · Les 3 van 16

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    Universal and particular; the four relations

    De vijf universalia

    الكُلِّيَّات الخَمْس

    Tekst in het Arabisch naar de druk van Cairo 1330/1912 · vertaling door The Mantiqi, concept

    Over deze tekst

    Tahdhīb al-manṭiq تَهْذِيبُ المَنْطِقِ

    Saʿd al-Dīn al-Taftāzānī (d. 792/1390)

    Tekst
    Arabisch: Matn Tahdhīb al-manṭiq wa-l-kalām (the logic part; the notes on the kalām part not reproduced), with notes collected by ʿAbd al-Qādir Maʿrūf al-Kurdī al-Sanandajī; vowel marks added by The Mantiqi (draft); two misprints corrected to the usual reading (p. 6 yalzamu taṣawwuruhu min taṣawwuri l-malzūm for the print's yalzamu min taṣawwurihi taṣawwuru l-malzūm; p. 13 al-fiṭriyyāt for al-naẓariyyāt), Maṭbaʿat al-Saʿāda, Cairo 1330/1912 Bekijk de scan
    Vertaling
    Van The Mantiqi zelf; een concept.
    Controle
    Concept, wacht op controle door Ustadh Muhammad Yusuf.

    De tekst Saʿd al-Dīn al-Taftāzānī

    Vertaling voorlopig in het Engels.

    فَصْلٌ

    المَفْهُومُ إِنِ امْتَنَعَ فَرْضُ صِدْقِهِ عَلَى كَثِيرِينَ فَجُزْئِيٌّ، وَإِلّا فَكُلِّيٌّ، امْتَنَعَتْ أَفْرادُهُ، أَوْ أَمْكَنَتْ وَلَمْ تُوجَدْ، أَوْ وُجِدَ الواحِدُ فَقَطْ مَعَ إِمْكانِ الغَيْرِ أَوِ امْتِناعِهِ، أَوِ الكَثِيرُ مَعَ التَّناهِي أَوْ عَدَمِهِ.

    A (mafhūm), if supposing it to be true of many is impossible, is (juzʾī); otherwise it is (kullī) — whether its instances are impossible; or possible but not found; or only one is found, while another is possible, or impossible; or many are found, finite or infinite in number.

    Tahdhīb al-manṭiq · p. 5

    وَالكُلِّيّانِ إِنْ تَفارَقا كُلِّيًّا فَمُتَبايِنانِ، وَإِلّا فَإِنْ تَصادَقا كُلِّيًّا مِنَ الجانِبَيْنِ فَمُتَساوِيانِ، وَنَقِيضاهُما كَذٰلِكَ، أَوْ مِنْ جانِبٍ فَأَعَمُّ وَأَخَصُّ مُطْلَقًا، وَنَقِيضاهُما بِالعَكْسِ، وَإِلّا فَمِنْ وَجْهٍ، وَبَيْنَ نَقِيضَيْهِما تَبايُنٌ جُزْئِيٌّ كَالمُتَبايِنَيْنِ. وَقَدْ يُقالُ الجُزْئِيُّ لِلأَخَصِّ، وَهُوَ أَعَمُّ.

    Two , if they part entirely, are distinct (mutabāyin). If not: if each is true of everything the other is true of, they are equal (mutasāwī), and so are their contradictories; if this holds on one side only, they are more general and more absolutely, and their contradictories the other way round; otherwise they are more general and more particular in one respect, and between their contradictories there is a partial distinctness, as between two distinct universals. “Particular” is sometimes said of the more specific, and this is more general.

    Tahdhīb al-manṭiq · p. 5

    Test jezelf

    3 vragen over wat het commentaar uitlegt. Met 6 van de 10 of meer (twee sterren) gaat de volgende les open.

    1. Vraag 1

      “The partner of God” is a universal concept although it has no instance. Why?

    2. Vraag 2

      “Human” and “rational” are true of exactly the same things. What is the relation between them, and between their contradictories?

    3. Vraag 3

      What lies between the contradictories of two universals that are general and particular in one respect, like “animal” and “white”?

    Volgende les: The five universals: genus and species

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