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The four figures
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The four figures
The syllogism · al-ashkāl · s. 27
الْأَشْكَالُ
Taslak · inceleme bekliyor
Jakarta 1434/2013 baskısına göre Arapça metin · çeviri The Mantiqi, taslak
Bu metin hakkında
al-Sullam al-munawraq السُّلَّمُ الْمُنَوْرَقُ
ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Akhḍarī (d. 983/1575)
- Metin
- Arapça, The Mantiqi tarafından bu baskıdan aktarıldı: Mutūn al-manṭiq wa-l-ḥikma: Īsāghūjī wa-l-Sullam al-munawraq, Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmiyya, Jakarta 1434/2013, pp. 20–32 Taramayı gör
- Derslerin takip ettiği
- Dersler, The Mantiqi'nin metnin kendisini bölüm bölüm izleyen açıklamalarıdır.
- Çeviri
- The Mantiqi'nin kendi çevirisi; taslak.
- İnceleme
- Taslak, Ustadh Muhammad Yusuf tarafından incelenmeyi bekliyor.
Metin
Başka bir dil mi lazım? “Google Çeviri” bir pasajı Google'ın makine çevirisinde açar — ilk fikir için kullanışlı, ama bizim tarafımızdan kontrol edilmemiştir. Ya da metni dilediğin bir çevirmene kopyala.
Arapça asıl metin, Mutūn al-manṭiq wa-l-ḥikma: Īsāghūjī wa-l-Sullam al-munawraq, Jakarta 1434/2013
الشَّكْلُ عِنْدَ هٰؤُلَاءِ النَّاسِيُطْلَقُ عَنْ قَضِيَّتَيْ قِيَاسِ
مِنْ غَيْرِ أَنْ تُعْتَبَرَ الْأَسْوَارُإِذْ ذَاكَ بِالضَّرْبِ لَهُ يُشَارُ
وَلِلْمُقَدِّمَاتِ أَشْكَالٌ فَقَطْأَرْبَعَةٌ بِحَسَبِ الْحَدِّ الْوَسَطْ
The figure, among these people, is said of the two propositions of a syllogism without regard to the quantifiers, for with those it is called a mood. The premises have only four figures, according to the middle term.
Google Çeviri ↗s. 27
حَمْلٌ بِصُغْرَى وَضْعُهُ بِكُبْرَىيُدْعَى بِشَكْلٍ أَوَّلٍ وَيُدْرَى
وَحَمْلُهُ فِي الْكُلِّ ثَانِيًا عُرِفْوَوَضْعُهُ فِي الْكُلِّ ثَالِثًا أُلِفْ
وَرَابِعُ الْأَشْكَالِ عَكْسُ الْأَوَّلِوَهْيَ عَلَى التَّرْتِيبِ فِي التَّكَمُّلِ
فَحَيْثُ عَنْ هٰذَا النِّظَامِ يُعْدَلُفَفَاسِدُ النِّظَامِ أَمَّا الْأَوَّلُ
Predicate in the minor and subject in the major is called the first figure, as is known; predicate in both is known as the second; subject in both is called the third; and the fourth of the figures is the reverse of the first. They come in order of perfection, so wherever this arrangement is departed from, the arrangement is unsound.
Google Çeviri ↗s. 27
Ders
The (shakl) is the shape of the two of a without regard to their quantifiers; with the quantifiers it is called a mood (ḍarb). There are four figures, by where the stands.
in the and in the : the first . Predicate in both: the second. Subject in both: the third. The fourth is the reverse of the first: subject in the minor and predicate in the major. They come in order of perfection, the first the most natural; any arrangement outside these four is unsound.
Terimler
- الشَّكْلُ al-shakl
- figure: the shape of the two premises
- الضَّرْبُ al-ḍarb
- mood: the figure with its quantifiers
- التَّكَمُّلُ al-takammul
- perfection: the order of the figures
Örnekler
حَمْلٌ بِصُغْرَى وَضْعُهُ بِكُبْرَى
predicate in the minor, subject in the major: the first figure
Kendini sına
Bu ders üzerine 3 soru. 10 üzerinden 6 veya daha fazlasıyla (iki yıldız) sonraki ders açılır.
Soru 1
A figure considered together with its quantifiers is called…
Without the quantifiers it is a figure; with them, a mood.
Soru 2
In which figure is the middle term the subject of both premises?
Subject in both is the third figure.
Soru 3
The fourth figure is…
“The fourth of the figures is the reverse of the first.”
Sıradaki ders: Conditions and moods of the figures
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