خانه / al-Sullam al-munawraq / درس 13 از 18
قفل
The four figures
بازگشت به al-Sullam al-munawraqمسیر مغربی · سطح 1 · al-Sullam al-munawraq · درس 13 از 18
The four figures
The syllogism · al-ashkāl · ص 27
الْأَشْكَالُ
پیشنویس · در انتظار بازبینی
متن عربی بر پایهٔ چاپ Jakarta 1434/2013 · ترجمهٔ The Mantiqi، پیشنویس
دربارهٔ این متن
al-Sullam al-munawraq السُّلَّمُ الْمُنَوْرَقُ
ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Akhḍarī (d. 983/1575)
- متن
- عربی, رونویسی The Mantiqi از این چاپ: Mutūn al-manṭiq wa-l-ḥikma: Īsāghūjī wa-l-Sullam al-munawraq, Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmiyya, Jakarta 1434/2013, pp. 20–32 دیدن تصویر اسکن
- درسها دنبال میکنند
- درسها توضیح خود The Mantiqi است، فصل به فصل از خود متن.
- ترجمه
- کار خود The Mantiqi؛ پیشنویس.
- بازبینی
- پیشنویس، در انتظار بازبینی Ustadh Muhammad Yusuf.
متن
زبان دیگری لازم داری؟ «Google Translate» بخشی از متن را در ترجمهٔ ماشینی گوگل باز میکند — برای برداشت نخست سودمند است، اما ما آن را بازبینی نکردهایم. یا متن را در مترجم دلخواهت رونوشت کن.
اصل عربی، Mutūn al-manṭiq wa-l-ḥikma: Īsāghūjī wa-l-Sullam al-munawraq, Jakarta 1434/2013
الشَّكْلُ عِنْدَ هٰؤُلَاءِ النَّاسِيُطْلَقُ عَنْ قَضِيَّتَيْ قِيَاسِ
مِنْ غَيْرِ أَنْ تُعْتَبَرَ الْأَسْوَارُإِذْ ذَاكَ بِالضَّرْبِ لَهُ يُشَارُ
وَلِلْمُقَدِّمَاتِ أَشْكَالٌ فَقَطْأَرْبَعَةٌ بِحَسَبِ الْحَدِّ الْوَسَطْ
The figure, among these people, is said of the two propositions of a syllogism without regard to the quantifiers, for with those it is called a mood. The premises have only four figures, according to the middle term.
حَمْلٌ بِصُغْرَى وَضْعُهُ بِكُبْرَىيُدْعَى بِشَكْلٍ أَوَّلٍ وَيُدْرَى
وَحَمْلُهُ فِي الْكُلِّ ثَانِيًا عُرِفْوَوَضْعُهُ فِي الْكُلِّ ثَالِثًا أُلِفْ
وَرَابِعُ الْأَشْكَالِ عَكْسُ الْأَوَّلِوَهْيَ عَلَى التَّرْتِيبِ فِي التَّكَمُّلِ
فَحَيْثُ عَنْ هٰذَا النِّظَامِ يُعْدَلُفَفَاسِدُ النِّظَامِ أَمَّا الْأَوَّلُ
Predicate in the minor and subject in the major is called the first figure, as is known; predicate in both is known as the second; subject in both is called the third; and the fourth of the figures is the reverse of the first. They come in order of perfection, so wherever this arrangement is departed from, the arrangement is unsound.
درس
The (shakl) is the shape of the two of a without regard to their quantifiers; with the quantifiers it is called a mood (ḍarb). There are four figures, by where the stands.
in the and in the : the first . Predicate in both: the second. Subject in both: the third. The fourth is the reverse of the first: subject in the minor and predicate in the major. They come in order of perfection, the first the most natural; any arrangement outside these four is unsound.
اصطلاحات
- الشَّكْلُ al-shakl
- figure: the shape of the two premises
- الضَّرْبُ al-ḍarb
- mood: the figure with its quantifiers
- التَّكَمُّلُ al-takammul
- perfection: the order of the figures
مثالها
حَمْلٌ بِصُغْرَى وَضْعُهُ بِكُبْرَى
predicate in the minor, subject in the major: the first figure
خودت را بیازما
3 پرسش دربارهٔ این درس. با ۶ از ۱۰ یا بیشتر (دو ستاره) درس بعدی باز میشود.
پرسش 1
A figure considered together with its quantifiers is called…
Without the quantifiers it is a figure; with them, a mood.
پرسش 2
In which figure is the middle term the subject of both premises?
Subject in both is the third figure.
پرسش 3
The fourth figure is…
“The fourth of the figures is the reverse of the first.”
درس بعدی: Conditions and moods of the figures
ادامه ←