Ana sayfa / al-Sullam al-munawraq / Ders 17 / 18
Kilitli
The kinds of proof and the certain premises
al-Sullam al-munawraq kitabına dönKuzey Afrika yolu · 1. seviye · al-Sullam al-munawraq · Ders 17 / 18
The kinds of proof and the certain premises
Proof and conclusion · aqsām al-ḥujja · s. 30
أَقْسَامُ الْحُجَّةِ
Taslak · inceleme bekliyor
Jakarta 1434/2013 baskısına göre Arapça metin · çeviri The Mantiqi, taslak
Bu metin hakkında
al-Sullam al-munawraq السُّلَّمُ الْمُنَوْرَقُ
ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Akhḍarī (d. 983/1575)
- Metin
- Arapça, The Mantiqi tarafından bu baskıdan aktarıldı: Mutūn al-manṭiq wa-l-ḥikma: Īsāghūjī wa-l-Sullam al-munawraq, Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmiyya, Jakarta 1434/2013, pp. 20–32 Taramayı gör
- Derslerin takip ettiği
- Dersler, The Mantiqi'nin metnin kendisini bölüm bölüm izleyen açıklamalarıdır.
- Çeviri
- The Mantiqi'nin kendi çevirisi; taslak.
- İnceleme
- Taslak, Ustadh Muhammad Yusuf tarafından incelenmeyi bekliyor.
Metin
Başka bir dil mi lazım? “Google Çeviri” bir pasajı Google'ın makine çevirisinde açar — ilk fikir için kullanışlı, ama bizim tarafımızdan kontrol edilmemiştir. Ya da metni dilediğin bir çevirmene kopyala.
Arapça asıl metin, Mutūn al-manṭiq wa-l-ḥikma: Īsāghūjī wa-l-Sullam al-munawraq, Jakarta 1434/2013
وَحُجَّةٌ نَقْلِيَّةٌ عَقْلِيَّهْأَقْسَامُ هٰذِي خَمْسَةٌ جَلِيَّهْ
خَطَابَةٌ شِعْرٌ وَبُرْهَانٌ جَدَلْوَخَامِسٌ سَفْسَطَةٌ نِلْتَ الْأَمَلْ
أَجَلُّهَا الْبُرْهَانُ مَا أُلِّفَ مِنْمُقَدِّمَاتٍ بِالْيَقِينِ تَقْتَرِنْ
Proof is transmitted or rational; the kinds of the latter are five, clear: rhetoric, poetry, demonstration, dialectic, and the fifth, sophistry — you have reached your hope. The noblest of them is demonstration: what is composed of premises joined to certainty,
Google Çeviri ↗s. 30
مِنْ أَوَّلِيَّاتٍ مُشَاهَدَاتِمُجَرَّبَاتٍ مُتَوَاتِرَاتِ
وَحَدْسِيَّاتٍ وَمَحْسُوسَاتِفَتِلْكَ جُمْلَةُ الْيَقِينِيَّاتِ
وَفِي دَلَالَةِ الْمُقَدِّمَاتِعَلَى النَّتِيجَةِ خِلَافٌ آتِ
عَقْلِيٌّ اَوْ عَادِيٌّ اَوْ تَوَلُّدُأَوْ وَاجِبٌ وَالْأَوَّلُ الْمُؤَيَّدُ
from first principles, things witnessed, things tested by experience, things reported by many, things grasped by intuition and things sensed: these are all the certain premises. On how premises point to the conclusion there is disagreement: rational, customary, by generation, or necessary — and the first is the one supported.
Google Çeviri ↗s. 30
Ders
A proof is transmitted (naqlī) or rational (ʿaqlī). Rational proofs are of five kinds, the : , poetry, , and . The noblest is demonstration (burhān): a proof built of .
The are six: (awwaliyyāt), things witnessed inwardly (mushāhadāt), things tested by experience (mujarrabāt), reports by so many that error is excluded (mutawātirāt), things grasped by intuition (ḥadsiyyāt) and things sensed (maḥsūsāt). On how the yield the there are four views — by the intellect, by God's custom, by generation, or by necessary causation — and the poem supports the first.
Terimler
- الْبُرْهَانُ al-burhān
- demonstration: from certain premises
- الْخَطَابَةُ / الشِّعْرُ / الْجَدَلُ / السَّفْسَطَةُ al-khaṭāba / al-shiʿr / al-jadal / al-safsaṭa
- rhetoric / poetry / dialectic / sophistry
- الْأَوَّلِيَّاتُ al-awwaliyyāt
- first principles
- الْمُتَوَاتِرَاتُ al-mutawātirāt
- what is reported by very many
- الْحَدْسِيَّاتُ al-ḥadsiyyāt
- what is grasped by intuition
Örnekler
الْكُلُّ أَعْظَمُ مِنَ الْجُزْءِ
“the whole is greater than the part”: a first principle
Kendini sına
Bu ders üzerine 3 soru. 10 üzerinden 6 veya daha fazlasıyla (iki yıldız) sonraki ders açılır.
Soru 1
Which is the noblest of the five arts?
“The noblest of them is demonstration.”
Soru 2
“The whole is greater than its part” belongs to…
It is known by the intellect alone as soon as its terms are conceived.
Soru 3
Which view on how premises yield the conclusion does the poem support?
“And the first is the one supported”: the rational view.
Sıradaki ders: Errors in proof, and the close of the poem
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