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Near and far genus

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Near and far genus

Definition · al-jins al-qarīb wa-l-baʿīd · p. 11

الجِنْسُ القَرِيبُ وَالبَعِيدُ

Concept · nog niet nagekeken

Tekst in het Perzisch naar de druk van Kanpur 1279/1862–63 · vertaling door The Mantiqi, concept

Over deze tekst

al-Ṣughrā الصُّغْرَى

al-Sayyid al-Sharīf al-Jurjānī (d. 816/1413)

Tekst: Perzisch, door The Mantiqi overgeschreven uit de lithografie, zonder de randglossen: Majmūʿa-yi manṭiq, Maṭbaʿ-i Alṭāfī, Kanpur 1279/1862–63, pp. 1–8 of the Ṣughrā, after the Kubrā Bekijk de scan
De lessen volgen: al-Manṭiq al-manhajī li-l-mubtadiʾīn: al-Ṣughrā wa-l-Awsaṭ wa-l-Kubrā, Arabic version and arrangement by Muḥammad Anwar al-Badakhshānī (Jāmiʿat al-ʿUlūm al-Islāmiyya, ʿAllāma Banūrī Town), Islam Insight, Karachi 1420/1999, pp. 5–18. De lessen zijn de eigen uitleg van The Mantiqi in de volgorde van deze editie; de tekst ervan is auteursrechtelijk beschermd en wordt niet overgenomen.
Vertaling: Van The Mantiqi zelf, in het Engels en in gevocaliseerd Arabisch; een concept. Het Arabisch is uit het Perzisch vertaald, niet overgenomen uit een gedrukte Arabische versie.
Controle: Concept, wacht op controle door Ustadh Muhammad Yusuf.

De tekst

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Lees de hele tekst in het Perzisch →

Origineel in het Perzisch, Majmūʿa-yi manṭiq, Kanpur 1279/1862–63

و جنس اگر تمام مشترک نسبت با همهٔ مشارکات آن را جنس قریب خوانند چون حیوان، و اگر نسبت با بعضی مشارکات تمام مشترک باشد فقط آن را جنس بعید خوانند چون جوهر که مشترک است میان انسان و مجردات و حیوانات و نباتات و جمادات و تمام مشترک نیست مگر نسبت با مجردات، و مراتب بعد مختلف میشود.

A genus that is the whole of what is shared with respect to everything that shares with the thing is called a near genus (jins qarīb), like animal; and one that is the whole of what is shared only with respect to some of what shares with it is called a far genus (jins baʿīd), like substance, which is shared by man, the immaterial beings, the animals, the plants and the minerals, but is the whole of what is shared only with respect to the immaterial beings. And the ranks of farness differ.

Arabische vertaling

وَالْجِنْسُ إِنْ كَانَ تَمَامَ الْمُشْتَرَكِ بِالنِّسْبَةِ إِلَى جَمِيعِ الْمُشَارِكَاتِ سُمِّيَ جِنْسًا قَرِيبًا، كَالْحَيَوَانِ، وَإِنْ كَانَ تَمَامَ الْمُشْتَرَكِ بِالنِّسْبَةِ إِلَى بَعْضِ الْمُشَارِكَاتِ فَقَطْ سُمِّيَ جِنْسًا بَعِيدًا، كَالْجَوْهَرِ الْمُشْتَرَكِ بَيْنَ الْإِنْسَانِ وَالْمُجَرَّدَاتِ وَالْحَيَوَانَاتِ وَالنَّبَاتَاتِ وَالْجَمَادَاتِ، وَلَيْسَ تَمَامَ الْمُشْتَرَكِ إِلَّا بِالنِّسْبَةِ إِلَى الْمُجَرَّدَاتِ. وَمَرَاتِبُ الْبُعْدِ مُخْتَلِفَةٌ.

Google Translate ↗p. 4

De les

A is near or far. The near genus (jins qarīb) is the whole shared part between a and all the kinds that share in it: “animal” for man, shared with horse, cow and elephant alike.

The far (jins baʿīd) is the whole shared part between a and only some of the kinds that share in it. “Substance” (jawhar) is shared by separate beings (which need no matter, such as intellect and soul in the view of the philosophers), animals, plants and minerals. But it is the whole shared part only for the separate beings; what animals, plants and minerals share completely is “body”.

So between a and its farthest there are degrees: the growing body is far, body as such is farther, and substance is the farthest of all.

Begrippen

الجِنْسُ القَرِيبُ al-jins al-qarīb: near genus: shared completely with all kinds under it
الجِنْسُ البَعِيدُ al-jins al-baʿīd: far genus: shared completely with only some
الجَوْهَرُ al-jawhar: substance
المُجَرَّداتُ al-mujarradāt: separate beings, which need no matter
الجِسْمُ النّامِي al-jism al-nāmī: growing body

Voorbeelden

الحَيَوانُ
near genus of man
الجِسْمُ النّامِي ← الجِسْمُ ← الجَوْهَرُ
growing body, body, substance: ever farther genera of man

Test jezelf

3 vragen over deze les. Met 6 of meer van de 10 (twee sterren) gaat de volgende les open.

Vraag 1
For man, which is the near genus?
Vraag 2
Why is “substance” a far genus for animals, plants and minerals?
Vraag 3
Put the genera of man from near to far.

Volgende les: The four kinds of definition

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