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Near and far genus

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Near and far genus

Definition · al-jins al-qarīb wa-l-baʿīd · hlm. 11

الجِنْسُ القَرِيبُ وَالبَعِيدُ

Draf · menunggu pemeriksaan

Teks bahasa Persia menurut cetakan Kanpur 1279/1862–63 · terjemahan The Mantiqi, draf

Tentang teks ini

al-Ṣughrā الصُّغْرَى

al-Sayyid al-Sharīf al-Jurjānī (d. 816/1413)

Teks: Persia, disalin oleh The Mantiqi dari cetakan litografi, tanpa hasyiyah di pinggirnya: Majmūʿa-yi manṭiq, Maṭbaʿ-i Alṭāfī, Kanpur 1279/1862–63, pp. 1–8 of the Ṣughrā, after the Kubrā Lihat pindaian
Pelajaran mengikuti: al-Manṭiq al-manhajī li-l-mubtadiʾīn: al-Ṣughrā wa-l-Awsaṭ wa-l-Kubrā, Arabic version and arrangement by Muḥammad Anwar al-Badakhshānī (Jāmiʿat al-ʿUlūm al-Islāmiyya, ʿAllāma Banūrī Town), Islam Insight, Karachi 1420/1999, hlm. 5–18. Pelajaran ini adalah penjelasan The Mantiqi sendiri dalam urutan edisi ini; teksnya dilindungi hak cipta dan tidak dimuat.
Terjemahan: Karya The Mantiqi sendiri, ke dalam bahasa Inggris dan bahasa Arab berharakat; draf. Bahasa Arabnya diterjemahkan dari bahasa Persia, bukan diambil dari versi Arab cetak.
Tinjauan: Draf, menunggu tinjauan Ustadh Muhammad Yusuf.

Teks

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Teks asli bahasa Persia, Majmūʿa-yi manṭiq, Kanpur 1279/1862–63

و جنس اگر تمام مشترک نسبت با همهٔ مشارکات آن را جنس قریب خوانند چون حیوان، و اگر نسبت با بعضی مشارکات تمام مشترک باشد فقط آن را جنس بعید خوانند چون جوهر که مشترک است میان انسان و مجردات و حیوانات و نباتات و جمادات و تمام مشترک نیست مگر نسبت با مجردات، و مراتب بعد مختلف میشود.

A genus that is the whole of what is shared with respect to everything that shares with the thing is called a near genus (jins qarīb), like animal; and one that is the whole of what is shared only with respect to some of what shares with it is called a far genus (jins baʿīd), like substance, which is shared by man, the immaterial beings, the animals, the plants and the minerals, but is the whole of what is shared only with respect to the immaterial beings. And the ranks of farness differ.

Terjemahan Arab

وَالْجِنْسُ إِنْ كَانَ تَمَامَ الْمُشْتَرَكِ بِالنِّسْبَةِ إِلَى جَمِيعِ الْمُشَارِكَاتِ سُمِّيَ جِنْسًا قَرِيبًا، كَالْحَيَوَانِ، وَإِنْ كَانَ تَمَامَ الْمُشْتَرَكِ بِالنِّسْبَةِ إِلَى بَعْضِ الْمُشَارِكَاتِ فَقَطْ سُمِّيَ جِنْسًا بَعِيدًا، كَالْجَوْهَرِ الْمُشْتَرَكِ بَيْنَ الْإِنْسَانِ وَالْمُجَرَّدَاتِ وَالْحَيَوَانَاتِ وَالنَّبَاتَاتِ وَالْجَمَادَاتِ، وَلَيْسَ تَمَامَ الْمُشْتَرَكِ إِلَّا بِالنِّسْبَةِ إِلَى الْمُجَرَّدَاتِ. وَمَرَاتِبُ الْبُعْدِ مُخْتَلِفَةٌ.

Google Terjemahan ↗hlm. 4

Pelajaran

A is near or far. The near genus (jins qarīb) is the whole shared part between a and all the kinds that share in it: “animal” for man, shared with horse, cow and elephant alike.

The far (jins baʿīd) is the whole shared part between a and only some of the kinds that share in it. “Substance” (jawhar) is shared by separate beings (which need no matter, such as intellect and soul in the view of the philosophers), animals, plants and minerals. But it is the whole shared part only for the separate beings; what animals, plants and minerals share completely is “body”.

So between a and its farthest there are degrees: the growing body is far, body as such is farther, and substance is the farthest of all.

Istilah

الجِنْسُ القَرِيبُ al-jins al-qarīb: near genus: shared completely with all kinds under it
الجِنْسُ البَعِيدُ al-jins al-baʿīd: far genus: shared completely with only some
الجَوْهَرُ al-jawhar: substance
المُجَرَّداتُ al-mujarradāt: separate beings, which need no matter
الجِسْمُ النّامِي al-jism al-nāmī: growing body

Contoh

الحَيَوانُ
near genus of man
الجِسْمُ النّامِي ← الجِسْمُ ← الجَوْهَرُ
growing body, body, substance: ever farther genera of man

Uji dirimu

3 soal tentang pelajaran ini. Dengan nilai 6 dari 10 atau lebih (dua bintang), pelajaran berikutnya terbuka.

Soal 1
For man, which is the near genus?
Soal 2
Why is “substance” a far genus for animals, plants and minerals?
Soal 3
Put the genera of man from near to far.

Pelajaran berikutnya: The four kinds of definition

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