Ana sayfa / al-Sullam al-munawraq / Ders 9 / 18
Önizleme
1. seviyenin 9. dersine bir bakış. 1. seviye, 1. seviyeden sonra açılır; o zamana kadar bu dersi okuyabilirsin, ama testi ve devamı kapalı kalır.
Kilitli
Propositions and their kinds
al-Sullam al-munawraq kitabına dönKuzey Afrika yolu · 1. seviye · al-Sullam al-munawraq · Ders 9 / 18
Propositions and their kinds
Propositions · al-qaḍāyā wa-aḥkāmuhā · s. 24–25
الْقَضَايَا وَأَحْكَامُهَا
Taslak · inceleme bekliyor
Jakarta 1434/2013 baskısına göre Arapça metin · çeviri The Mantiqi, taslak
Bu metin hakkında
al-Sullam al-munawraq السُّلَّمُ الْمُنَوْرَقُ
ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Akhḍarī (d. 983/1575)
- Metin
- Arapça, The Mantiqi tarafından bu baskıdan aktarıldı: Mutūn al-manṭiq wa-l-ḥikma: Īsāghūjī wa-l-Sullam al-munawraq, Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmiyya, Jakarta 1434/2013, pp. 20–32 Taramayı gör
- Derslerin takip ettiği
- Dersler, The Mantiqi'nin metnin kendisini bölüm bölüm izleyen açıklamalarıdır.
- Çeviri
- The Mantiqi'nin kendi çevirisi; taslak.
- İnceleme
- Taslak, Ustadh Muhammad Yusuf tarafından incelenmeyi bekliyor.
Metin
Başka bir dil mi lazım? “Google Çeviri” bir pasajı Google'ın makine çevirisinde açar — ilk fikir için kullanışlı, ama bizim tarafımızdan kontrol edilmemiştir. Ya da metni dilediğin bir çevirmene kopyala.
Arapça asıl metin, Mutūn al-manṭiq wa-l-ḥikma: Īsāghūjī wa-l-Sullam al-munawraq, Jakarta 1434/2013
مَا احْتَمَلَ الصِّدْقَ لِذَاتِهِ جَرَىبَيْنَهُمُ قَضِيَّةً وَخَبَرَا
ثُمَّ الْقَضَايَا عِنْدَهُمْ قِسْمَانِشَرْطِيَّةٌ حَمْلِيَّةٌ وَالثَّانِي
كُلِّيَّةٌ شَخْصِيَّةٌ وَالْأَوَّلُإِمَّا مُسَوَّرٌ وَإِمَّا مُهْمَلُ
What can be true in itself is called among them a proposition and a report. Propositions, among them, are of two kinds: conditional and categorical; and the second is universal or personal, and the first is either quantified or neglected.
Google Çeviri ↗s. 24
وَالسُّورُ كُلِّيًّا وَجُزْئِيًّا يُرَىوَأَرْبَعٌ أَقْسَامُهُ حَيْثُ جَرَى
إِمَّا بِكُلٍّ أَوْ بِبَعْضٍ أَوْ بِلَاشَيْءٍ وَلَيْسَ بَعْضُ أَوْ شِبْهٌ جَلَا
وَكُلُّهَا مُوجَبَةٌ وَسَالِبَهْفَهْيَ إِذَنْ إِلَى الثَّمَانِ آيِبَهْ
The quantifier is found universal and particular, and its kinds are four wherever it occurs: with “every”, with “some”, with “no”, and with “not some” or the like, as is clear. And all of these are affirmative and negative, so they come to eight.
Google Çeviri ↗s. 24–25
وَالْأَوَّلُ الْمَوْضُوعُ فِي الْحَمْلِيَّهْوَالْآخِرُ الْمَحْمُولُ بِالسَّوِيَّهْ
وَإِنْ عَلَى التَّعْلِيقِ فِيهَا قَدْ حُكِمْفَإِنَّهَا شَرْطِيَّةٌ وَتَنْقَسِمْ
أَيْضًا إِلَى شَرْطِيَّةٍ مُتَّصِلَهْوَمِثْلُهَا شَرْطِيَّةٌ مُنْفَصِلَهْ
The first part in a categorical is the subject, the last the predicate, in the same way. If in it the judgement is made on a condition, it is a conditional, and it too divides into a connective conditional and, like it, a disjunctive conditional.
Google Çeviri ↗s. 25
جُزْآهُمَا مُقَدَّمٌ وَتَالِيأَمَّا بَيَانُ ذَاتِ الِاتِّصَالِ
مَا أَوْجَبَتْ تَلَازُمَ الْجُزْأَيْنِوَذَاتُ الِانْفِصَالِ دُونَ مَيْنِ
مَا أَوْجَبَتْ تَنَافُرًا بَيْنَهُمَاأَقْسَامُهَا ثَلَاثَةٌ فَلْتُعْلَمَا
مَانِعُ جَمْعٍ أَوْ خُلُوٍّ أَوْ هُمَاوَهْوَ الْحَقِيقِيُّ الْأَخَصُّ فَاعْلَمَا
Their two parts are the antecedent and the consequent. As for the account of the connective: it is one that requires the two parts to go together; and the disjunctive, without falsehood, is one that requires them to be incompatible. Its kinds are three, so know them: excluding being together, excluding being absent, or both — and that is the real disjunctive, the narrowest, so know it.
Google Çeviri ↗s. 25
Ders
A (qaḍiyya) is what can in itself be true or false. It is (ḥamliyya) or (sharṭiyya). A categorical is personal (shakhṣiyya), with a , or general; a general one is (musawwar) or neglected (muhmala). The quantifiers are four — “every”, “some”, “no” and “not some” — and each proposition is or , so there are eight kinds in all.
In a the first part is the and the last the . A judges on the basis of a condition: (muttaṣila) when it requires its two parts, and , to go together; (munfaṣila) when it requires them to be incompatible. The disjunctive excludes being together, or excludes being absent, or both; the last is the real disjunctive, the narrowest of the three.
Terimler
- الْقَضِيَّةُ al-qaḍiyya
- proposition: can be true or false in itself
- الشَّخْصِيَّةُ al-shakhṣiyya
- personal: its subject is a particular
- الْمُسَوَّرَةُ al-musawwara
- quantified
- الْمُهْمَلَةُ al-muhmala
- neglected: no quantifier
- الْمُقَدَّمُ / التَّالِي al-muqaddam / al-tālī
- antecedent / consequent
- الْحَقِيقِيَّةُ al-ḥaqīqiyya
- real disjunctive: excludes both being together and being absent
Örnekler
إِمَّا بِكُلٍّ أَوْ بِبَعْضٍ أَوْ بِلَا شَيْءٍ وَلَيْسَ بَعْضُ
the four quantifiers: every, some, no, not some
Kendini sına
Bu ders üzerine 3 soru. 10 üzerinden 6 veya daha fazlasıyla (iki yıldız) sonraki ders açılır.
Soru 1
How many kinds of quantified proposition does the Sullam reach?
Four quantifiers, each affirmative or negative: eight.
Soru 2
Which disjunctive is the narrowest (al-akhaṣṣ)?
The real disjunctive excludes both, so it is the narrowest.
Soru 3
A proposition whose subject is a particular, like “Zayd stands”, is…
With a particular subject the proposition is personal.
Sıradaki ders: Contradiction
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