The Mantiqi

ابحث بالعربية أو بالنقل الحرفي، بالتشكيل أو بدونه.

    الإِعْدادات

    النقل الحرفي
    الحركات (التَّشْكِيل)
    التاريخ الهجري أولًا
    الوَضْعُ الدّاكِن
    الخَطُّ العَرَبِيّ

    اللغة

    الترجمات مسوّدات، مثل النصّ الإنجليزي، حتى يراجعها مُعَلِّم.

    الرئيسية / al-Sullam al-munawraq / الدَّرْسُ 9 مِنْ 18

    مُعايَنَة

    نَظْرَةٌ عَلَى الدَّرْسِ 9 مِنَ المُسْتَوَى 1. يُفْتَحُ المُسْتَوَى 1 بَعْدَ المُسْتَوَى 1؛ وَإِلَى ذٰلِكَ الحِينِ يُمْكِنُكَ قِراءَةُ هٰذا الدَّرْس، لٰكِنَّ اخْتِبارَهُ وَالطَّرِيقَ بَعْدَهُ يَبْقَيانِ مُغْلَقَيْن.

    كُلُّ المُسْتَوَيات

    مُقْفَل

    Propositions and their kinds

    العَوْدَةُ إِلَى al-Sullam al-munawraq

    المَسارُ المَغارِبِيّ · المُسْتَوَى 1 · al-Sullam al-munawraq · الدَّرْسُ 9 مِنْ 18

    Propositions and their kinds

    Propositions · al-qaḍāyā wa-aḥkāmuhā · ص 24–25

    الْقَضَايَا وَأَحْكَامُهَا

    مسوّدة · بانتظار المراجعة

    النَّصُّ بِاللُّغَةِ العَرَبِيَّة عَلَى طَبْعَةِ Jakarta 1434/2013 · تَرْجَمَةُ The Mantiqi، مُسَوَّدَة

    عَنْ هٰذا النَّصّ

    al-Sullam al-munawraq السُّلَّمُ الْمُنَوْرَقُ

    ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Akhḍarī (d. 983/1575)

    النَّصّ
    العَرَبِيَّة, نَقَلَهُ The Mantiqi مِنْ هٰذِهِ الطَّبْعَة: Mutūn al-manṭiq wa-l-ḥikma: Īsāghūjī wa-l-Sullam al-munawraq, Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmiyya, Jakarta 1434/2013, pp. 20–32 اعْرِضِ الصُّورَة
    تَتْبَعُ الدُّرُوس
    الدُّرُوسُ شَرْحُ The Mantiqi الخاصُّ، فَصْلًا فَصْلًا مِنَ النَّصِّ نَفْسِه.
    التَّرْجَمَة
    مِنْ عَمَلِ The Mantiqi؛ مُسَوَّدَة.
    المُراجَعَة
    مُسَوَّدَة، بِانْتِظارِ مُراجَعَةِ Ustadh Muhammad Yusuf.

    النَّصّ

    تَحْتاجُ لُغَةً أُخْرَى؟ «تَرْجَمَةُ Google» تَفْتَحُ المَقْطَعَ فِي التَّرْجَمَةِ الآلِيَّةِ مِنْ Google — مُفِيدَةٌ لِفِكْرَةٍ أُولَى، لٰكِنَّنا لَمْ نُراجِعْها. أَوِ انْسَخِ النَّصَّ إِلَى مُتَرْجِمٍ تَخْتارُه.

    اقْرَإِ النَّصَّ كامِلًا بِاللُّغَةِ العَرَبِيَّة →

    الأَصْلُ بِاللُّغَةِ العَرَبِيَّة، Mutūn al-manṭiq wa-l-ḥikma: Īsāghūjī wa-l-Sullam al-munawraq, Jakarta 1434/2013

    مَا احْتَمَلَ الصِّدْقَ لِذَاتِهِ جَرَىبَيْنَهُمُ قَضِيَّةً وَخَبَرَا

    ثُمَّ الْقَضَايَا عِنْدَهُمْ قِسْمَانِشَرْطِيَّةٌ حَمْلِيَّةٌ وَالثَّانِي

    كُلِّيَّةٌ شَخْصِيَّةٌ وَالْأَوَّلُإِمَّا مُسَوَّرٌ وَإِمَّا مُهْمَلُ

    What can be true in itself is called among them a proposition and a report. Propositions, among them, are of two kinds: conditional and categorical; and the second is universal or personal, and the first is either quantified or neglected.

    ص 24

    وَالسُّورُ كُلِّيًّا وَجُزْئِيًّا يُرَىوَأَرْبَعٌ أَقْسَامُهُ حَيْثُ جَرَى

    إِمَّا بِكُلٍّ أَوْ بِبَعْضٍ أَوْ بِلَاشَيْءٍ وَلَيْسَ بَعْضُ أَوْ شِبْهٌ جَلَا

    وَكُلُّهَا مُوجَبَةٌ وَسَالِبَهْفَهْيَ إِذَنْ إِلَى الثَّمَانِ آيِبَهْ

    The quantifier is found universal and particular, and its kinds are four wherever it occurs: with “every”, with “some”, with “no”, and with “not some” or the like, as is clear. And all of these are affirmative and negative, so they come to eight.

    ص 24–25

    وَالْأَوَّلُ الْمَوْضُوعُ فِي الْحَمْلِيَّهْوَالْآخِرُ الْمَحْمُولُ بِالسَّوِيَّهْ

    وَإِنْ عَلَى التَّعْلِيقِ فِيهَا قَدْ حُكِمْفَإِنَّهَا شَرْطِيَّةٌ وَتَنْقَسِمْ

    أَيْضًا إِلَى شَرْطِيَّةٍ مُتَّصِلَهْوَمِثْلُهَا شَرْطِيَّةٌ مُنْفَصِلَهْ

    The first part in a categorical is the subject, the last the predicate, in the same way. If in it the judgement is made on a condition, it is a conditional, and it too divides into a connective conditional and, like it, a disjunctive conditional.

    ص 25

    جُزْآهُمَا مُقَدَّمٌ وَتَالِيأَمَّا بَيَانُ ذَاتِ الِاتِّصَالِ

    مَا أَوْجَبَتْ تَلَازُمَ الْجُزْأَيْنِوَذَاتُ الِانْفِصَالِ دُونَ مَيْنِ

    مَا أَوْجَبَتْ تَنَافُرًا بَيْنَهُمَاأَقْسَامُهَا ثَلَاثَةٌ فَلْتُعْلَمَا

    مَانِعُ جَمْعٍ أَوْ خُلُوٍّ أَوْ هُمَاوَهْوَ الْحَقِيقِيُّ الْأَخَصُّ فَاعْلَمَا

    Their two parts are the antecedent and the consequent. As for the account of the connective: it is one that requires the two parts to go together; and the disjunctive, without falsehood, is one that requires them to be incompatible. Its kinds are three, so know them: excluding being together, excluding being absent, or both — and that is the real disjunctive, the narrowest, so know it.

    ص 25

    الدَّرْس

    A (qaḍiyya) is what can in itself be true or false. It is (ḥamliyya) or (sharṭiyya). A categorical is personal (shakhṣiyya), with a , or general; a general one is (musawwar) or neglected (muhmala). The quantifiers are four — “every”, “some”, “no” and “not some” — and each proposition is or , so there are eight kinds in all.

    In a the first part is the and the last the . A judges on the basis of a condition: (muttaṣila) when it requires its two parts, and , to go together; (munfaṣila) when it requires them to be incompatible. The disjunctive excludes being together, or excludes being absent, or both; the last is the real disjunctive, the narrowest of the three.

    المُصْطَلَحات

    الْقَضِيَّةُ al-qaḍiyya
    proposition: can be true or false in itself
    الشَّخْصِيَّةُ al-shakhṣiyya
    personal: its subject is a particular
    الْمُسَوَّرَةُ al-musawwara
    quantified
    الْمُهْمَلَةُ al-muhmala
    neglected: no quantifier
    الْمُقَدَّمُ / التَّالِي al-muqaddam / al-tālī
    antecedent / consequent
    الْحَقِيقِيَّةُ al-ḥaqīqiyya
    real disjunctive: excludes both being together and being absent

    الأَمْثِلَة

    • إِمَّا بِكُلٍّ أَوْ بِبَعْضٍ أَوْ بِلَا شَيْءٍ وَلَيْسَ بَعْضُ

      the four quantifiers: every, some, no, not some

    اخْتَبِرْ نَفْسَك

    عَدَدُ الأَسْئِلَةِ عَلَى هٰذا الدَّرْسِ 3. بِسِتَّةٍ مِنْ عَشَرَةٍ فَأَكْثَرَ (نَجْمَتَيْن) يُفْتَحُ الدَّرْسُ التّالِي.

    1. السؤال 1

      How many kinds of quantified proposition does the Sullam reach?

    2. السؤال 2

      Which disjunctive is the narrowest (al-akhaṣṣ)?

    3. السؤال 3

      A proposition whose subject is a particular, like “Zayd stands”, is…

    الدَّرْسُ التّالِي: Contradiction

    تابِع ←