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Real and relative particulars
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Real and relative particulars
Conceptions · al-juzʾī al-ḥaqīqī wa-l-iḍāfī · pp. 58–59
الجُزْئِيُّ الحَقِيقِيُّ وَالإِضافِيُّ
Concept · nog niet nagekeken
Tekst in het Perzisch naar de druk van Kanpur 1279/1862–63 · vertaling door The Mantiqi, concept
Over deze tekst
al-Kubrā الكُبْرَى
al-Sayyid al-Sharīf al-Jurjānī (d. 816/1413)
- Tekst
- Perzisch, door The Mantiqi overgeschreven uit de lithografie, zonder de randglossen: Majmūʿa-yi manṭiq, Maṭbaʿ-i Alṭāfī, Kanpur 1279/1862–63, pp. 1–42 Bekijk de scan
- De lessen volgen
- al-Manṭiq al-manhajī li-l-mubtadiʾīn: al-Ṣughrā wa-l-Awsaṭ wa-l-Kubrā, Arabic version and arrangement by Muḥammad Anwar al-Badakhshānī (Jāmiʿat al-ʿUlūm al-Islāmiyya, ʿAllāma Banūrī Town), Islam Insight, Karachi 1420/1999, pp. 42–86. De lessen zijn de eigen uitleg van The Mantiqi in de volgorde van deze editie; de tekst ervan is auteursrechtelijk beschermd en wordt niet overgenomen.
- Vertaling
- Van The Mantiqi zelf, in het Engels en in gevocaliseerd Arabisch; een concept. Het Arabisch is uit het Perzisch vertaald, niet overgenomen uit een gedrukte Arabische versie.
- Controle
- Concept, wacht op controle door Ustadh Muhammad Yusuf.
De tekst
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Lees de hele tekst in het Perzisch →
Origineel in het Perzisch, Majmūʿa-yi manṭiq, Kanpur 1279/1862–63
فصل. هر چه در ذهن متصور شود اگر نفس تصور وی مانع از وقوع شرکت بود میان کثیرین آن را جزئی حقیقی خوانند چون زید، و اگر نفس تصور وی مانع وقوع شرکت نباشد میان کثیرین آن را کلی خوانند چون انسان، و هر یک از آن کثیرین را افراد آن کلی و جزئی اضافی وی خوانند، و جزئی اضافی شاید که جزئی حقیقی باشد چون زید بقیاس انسان، و شاید که کلی باشد فی نفسه لیکن جزئی اضافی کلی دیگر باشد چون انسان بقیاس حیوان.
Section. Whatever is conceived in the mind, if its very conception prevents its being shared by many, is called a real particular, like Zayd; and if its very conception does not prevent its being shared by many, it is called a universal, like man, and each of those many is called an individual of that universal and its relative particular. A relative particular may be a real particular, like Zayd with respect to man, or it may be a universal in itself but a relative particular of another universal, like man with respect to animal.
Arabische vertaling
فَصْلٌ. كُلُّ مَا يُتَصَوَّرُ فِي الذِّهْنِ فَإِنْ كَانَ نَفْسُ تَصَوُّرِهِ مَانِعًا مِنْ وُقُوعِ الشَّرِكَةِ فِيهِ بَيْنَ كَثِيرِينَ سُمِّيَ جُزْئِيًّا حَقِيقِيًّا، كَزَيْدٍ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ نَفْسُ تَصَوُّرِهِ مَانِعًا مِنْ ذٰلِكَ سُمِّيَ كُلِّيًّا، كَالْإِنْسَانِ، وَيُسَمَّى كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْ تِلْكَ الْكَثِيرِينَ أَفْرَادًا لِذٰلِكَ الْكُلِّيِّ وَجُزْئِيًّا إِضَافِيًّا لَهُ. وَالْجُزْئِيُّ الْإِضَافِيُّ قَدْ يَكُونُ جُزْئِيًّا حَقِيقِيًّا كَزَيْدٍ بِالْقِيَاسِ إِلَى الْإِنْسَانِ، وَقَدْ يَكُونُ كُلِّيًّا فِي نَفْسِهِ جُزْئِيًّا إِضَافِيًّا لِكُلِّيٍّ آخَرَ، كَالْإِنْسَانِ بِالْقِيَاسِ إِلَى الْحَيَوَانِ.
Google Translate ↗pp. 16–17
De les
Whatever is in the mind is, by its very conception and without outside signs, either such that it cannot be shared by many, a real (juzʾī ḥaqīqī), like the concept Zayd, which belongs to one person; or such that it can be shared, a (kullī), like the concept man, of which each of many is an individual.
A relative (juzʾī iḍāfī) is what is with respect to what falls under it and particular with respect to what is above it. “Man” is universal with respect to Zayd and ʿAmr, but particular with respect to “animal”, which is true of man, horse, mule and donkey alike.
Zayd is a real , and also a relative particular with respect to man above him. So every real particular is a relative particular, but not every relative particular is a real particular: man, with respect to animal, is relative but not real.
Begrippen
- الجُزْئِيُّ الحَقِيقِيُّ al-juzʾī al-ḥaqīqī
- real particular: cannot be shared by many
- الجُزْئِيُّ الإِضافِيُّ al-juzʾī al-iḍāfī
- relative particular: under something wider
- الكُلِّيُّ al-kullī
- universal: can be shared by many
Voorbeelden
زَيْدٌ
Zayd: a real and a relative particular
الإِنْسانُ بِالنِّسْبَةِ إِلَى الحَيَوانِ
man with respect to animal: a relative particular only
Test jezelf
3 vragen over deze les. Met 6 of meer van de 10 (twee sterren) gaat de volgende les open.
Vraag 1
“Man”, compared with “animal”, is…
Man falls under animal, so it is particular relative to it, though it is a universal.
Vraag 2
Which is true?
Zayd is real, and relative under man; man is relative under animal but not real.
Vraag 3
What makes Zayd a real particular?
A real particular is what by its very conception cannot be shared by many.
Volgende les: Essential and accidental; species, genus, and what is fully shared
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