The definers: two kinds or three?

Conceptions · aqsām al-muʿarrif · ص 61

أَقْسامُ المُعَرِّفِ

پیش‌نویس · در انتظار بازبینی

درس‌های خود ما با نقل‌هایی از چاپ Cairo 1324/1906 · ترجمهٔ The Mantiqi، پیش‌نویس

دربارهٔ این متن

Ḥāshiyat al-Bājūrī ʿalā al-Sullam حاشِيَةُ الباجُورِيِّ عَلَى السُّلَّمِ

Ibrāhīm al-Bājūrī (d. 1276/1860)

متن: عربی: بخش‌هایی که در درس‌ها نقل شده، رونویسی The Mantiqi از این چاپ (همهٔ متن نقل نمی‌شود): Ḥāshiyat al-Bājūrī ʿalā matn al-Sullam, with al-Anbābī's taqrīr in the margin, al-Maṭbaʿa al-Azhariyya al-Miṣriyya (2nd printing), Cairo 1324/1906, pp. 26–112 (passages) دیدن تصویر اسکن
درس‌ها دنبال می‌کنند: درس‌ها توضیح خود The Mantiqi بر سلم است، بیت به بیت، به پیروی از Ibrāhīm al-Bājūrī؛ سخنانش هر جا مهم‌تر است نقل می‌شود.
ترجمه: کار خود The Mantiqi؛ پیش‌نویس.
بازبینی: پیش‌نویس، در انتظار بازبینی Ustadh Muhammad Yusuf.

به سخن Ibrāhīm al-Bājūrī

زبان دیگری لازم داری؟ «Google Translate» بخشی از متن را در ترجمهٔ ماشینی گوگل باز می‌کند — برای برداشت نخست سودمند است، اما ما آن را بازبینی نکرده‌ایم. یا متن را در مترجم دلخواهت رونوشت کن.

نقل‌شده از متن عربی Ḥāshiyat al-Bājūrī ʿalā matn al-Sullam, with al-Anbābī's taqrīr in the margin, Cairo 1324/1906

وَزادَ بَعْضُهُمُ التَّعْرِيفَ بِالمِثالِ، كَقَوْلِهِمْ: العِلْمُ كَالنُّورِ وَالجَهْلُ كَالظُّلْمَةِ، وَالتَّعْرِيفَ بِالتَّقْسِيمِ، كَقَوْلِهِمْ: العِلْمُ تَصَوُّرٌ وَتَصْدِيقٌ، وَالتَّحْقِيقُ أَنَّ كُلًّا مِنْهُما كَالتَّعْرِيفِ اللَّفْظِيِّ داخِلٌ فِي الرَّسْمِ، لِأَنَّهُ مِنَ التَّعْرِيفِ بِالخاصَّةِ … وَعَلَى هٰذا فَالمُعَرِّفُ عَلَى قِسْمَيْنِ فَقَطْ، فَتَكُونُ القِسْمَةُ ثُنائِيَّةً لا ثُلاثِيَّةً كَما فَعَلَ المُصَنِّفُ.

Some added definition by example, as when they say, “Knowledge is like light and ignorance like darkness”, and definition by division, as when they say, “Knowledge is conception and assent.” The truth is that each of these, like the verbal definition, falls under description (rasm), because it is a definition by a property … On this view the definer is of two kinds only, and the division is twofold, not threefold as the author made it.

Google Translate ↗ص 61

درس

The Sullam divides the definer into three: the real (ḥadd), by the and the ; the description (rasm), by the genus and a property; and the verbal definition (lafẓī), by a better-known word. Each must be equal to what it defines, clearer than it, and free of .

Al-Bājūrī reports that some added two more: by example (“ is like light, ignorance like darkness”) and definition by division (“knowledge is and ”). The truth, he says, is that both, and the verbal definition too, fall under description, because each defines by something proper to the thing: being like light is proper to knowledge, and dividing into these two is proper to it.

On that view the definer is of two kinds only, real and description, and the poem's threefold division becomes twofold. It is a good example of how the gloss works: it accepts the poem, then shows where a more exact account would put things.

اصطلاحات

الحَدُّ al-ḥadd: real definition: by the genus and the differentia
الرَّسْمُ al-rasm: description: by a property
التَّعْرِيفُ بِالمِثالِ al-taʿrīf bi-l-mithāl: definition by example

مثال‌ها

العِلْمُ كَالنُّورِ وَالجَهْلُ كَالظُّلْمَةِ
“knowledge is like light and ignorance like darkness”: definition by example

خودت را بیازما

3 پرسش دربارهٔ این درس. با ۶ از ۱۰ یا بیشتر (دو ستاره) درس بعدی باز می‌شود.

پرسش 1
“Knowledge is like light” is, for those who added it, a definition by…
پرسش 2
Where does al-Bājūrī place definition by example and by division?
پرسش 3
So into how many kinds does the definer fall on his view?

درس بعدی: The proposition: what admits truth of itself

ادامه ←