Indian path · level 3 · Tahdhīb al-manṭiq · Lesson 3 of 16
3
Universal and particular; the four relations
The five universals
الكُلِّيَّات الخَمْس
Arabic text after the print of Cairo 1330/1912 · translation by The Mantiqi, draft
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Tahdhīb al-manṭiq تَهْذِيبُ المَنْطِقِ
Saʿd al-Dīn al-Taftāzānī (d. 792/1390)
Text
Arabic: Matn Tahdhīb al-manṭiq wa-l-kalām (the logic part; the notes on the kalām part not reproduced), with notes collected by ʿAbd al-Qādir Maʿrūf al-Kurdī al-Sanandajī; vowel marks added by The Mantiqi (draft); two misprints corrected to the usual reading (p. 6 yalzamu taṣawwuruhu min taṣawwuri l-malzūm for the print's yalzamu min taṣawwurihi taṣawwuru l-malzūm; p. 13 al-fiṭriyyāt for al-naẓariyyāt), Maṭbaʿat al-Saʿāda, Cairo 1330/1912 View the scan
A (mafhūm), if supposing it to be true of many is impossible, is (juzʾī); otherwise it is (kullī) — whether its instances are impossible; or possible but not found; or only one is found, while another is possible, or impossible; or many are found, finite or infinite in number.
Two , if they part entirely, are distinct (mutabāyin). If not: if each is true of everything the other is true of, they are equal (mutasāwī), and so are their contradictories; if this holds on one side only, they are more general and more absolutely, and their contradictories the other way round; otherwise they are more general and more particular in one respect, and between their contradictories there is a partial distinctness, as between two distinct universals.
“Particular” is sometimes said of the more specific, and this is more general.