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Words, universals and the five universals
al-Sullam al-munawraq kitabına dönKuzey Afrika yolu · 1. seviye · al-Sullam al-munawraq · Ders 5 / 18
Words, universals and the five universals
Conceptions · mabāḥith al-alfāẓ · s. 22–23
مَبَاحِثُ الْأَلْفَاظِ
Taslak · inceleme bekliyor
Jakarta 1434/2013 baskısına göre Arapça metin · çeviri The Mantiqi, taslak
Bu metin hakkında
al-Sullam al-munawraq السُّلَّمُ الْمُنَوْرَقُ
ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Akhḍarī (d. 983/1575)
- Metin
- Arapça, The Mantiqi tarafından bu baskıdan aktarıldı: Mutūn al-manṭiq wa-l-ḥikma: Īsāghūjī wa-l-Sullam al-munawraq, Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmiyya, Jakarta 1434/2013, pp. 20–32 Taramayı gör
- Derslerin takip ettiği
- Dersler, The Mantiqi'nin metnin kendisini bölüm bölüm izleyen açıklamalarıdır.
- Çeviri
- The Mantiqi'nin kendi çevirisi; taslak.
- İnceleme
- Taslak, Ustadh Muhammad Yusuf tarafından incelenmeyi bekliyor.
Metin
Başka bir dil mi lazım? “Google Çeviri” bir pasajı Google'ın makine çevirisinde açar — ilk fikir için kullanışlı, ama bizim tarafımızdan kontrol edilmemiştir. Ya da metni dilediğin bir çevirmene kopyala.
Arapça asıl metin, Mutūn al-manṭiq wa-l-ḥikma: Īsāghūjī wa-l-Sullam al-munawraq, Jakarta 1434/2013
مُسْتَعْمَلُ الْأَلْفَاظِ حَيْثُ يُوجَدُإِمَّا مُرَكَّبٌ وَإِمَّا مُفْرَدُ
فَأَوَّلٌ مَا دَلَّ جُزْؤُهُ عَلَىجُزْءِ مَعْنَاهُ بِعَكْسِ مَا تَلَا
Words in use, wherever they occur, are either composite or single. The first is that whose part signifies a part of its meaning; the opposite of this is what follows.
Google Çeviri ↗s. 22
وَهْوَ عَلَى قِسْمَيْنِ أَعْنِي الْمُفْرَدَاكُلِّيٌّ اَوْ جُزْئِيٌّ حَيْثُ وُجِدَا
فَمُفْهِمُ اشْتِرَاكٍ الْكُلِّيُّكَأَسَدٍ وَعَكْسُهُ الْجُزْئِيُّ
The single, I mean, is of two kinds wherever it is found: universal or particular. What conveys sharing is the universal, like “lion”; its opposite is the particular.
Google Çeviri ↗s. 22
وَأَوَّلًا لِلذَّاتِ إِنْ فِيهَا انْدَرَجْفَانْسُبْهُ أَوْ لِعَارِضٍ إِذَا خَرَجْ
وَالْكُلِّيَاتُ خَمْسَةٌ دُونَ انْتِقَاصْجِنْسٌ وَفَصْلٌ عَرَضٌ نَوْعٌ وَخَاصْ
وَأَوَّلٌ ثَلَاثَةٌ بِلَا شَطَطْجِنْسٌ قَرِيبٌ أَوْ بَعِيدٌ أَوْ وَسَطْ
First, ascribe it to the essence if it is included in it, or to an accident if it lies outside. The universals are five, nothing missing: genus, differentia, accident, species and property. The first is of three kinds, no exaggeration: near genus, far, or in between.
Google Çeviri ↗s. 22–23
Ders
A word in use is composite (murakkab) when a part of it signifies a part of its meaning, like “Zayd stands”; otherwise it is single (mufrad). A single word is (kullī) when its meaning can be shared, like “lion”, and (juzʾī) when it cannot, like “Zayd”.
A , compared with what falls under it, is (dhātī) when it is included in their , and (ʿaraḍī) when it lies outside. The universals are five: (jins), (faṣl), (ʿaraḍ), (nawʿ) and property (khāṣṣ). The genus is of three ranks: near, like animal for man; far, like substance; and in between, like body.
Terimler
- الْمُرَكَّبُ al-murakkab
- composite: a part signifies a part of the meaning
- الْمُفْرَدُ al-mufrad
- single
- الْكُلِّيُّ al-kullī
- universal: its meaning can be shared
- الْجُزْئِيُّ al-juzʾī
- particular
- الذَّاتِيُّ al-dhātī
- essential: included in the essence
- الْعَرَضِيُّ al-ʿaraḍī
- accidental: outside the essence
- الْكُلِّيَّاتُ الْخَمْسُ al-kulliyyāt al-khams
- the five universals
Örnekler
كَأَسَدٍ
“lion”: a universal, its meaning shared by many
جِنْسٌ قَرِيبٌ أَوْ بَعِيدٌ أَوْ وَسَطْ
the genus: near, far or in between
Kendini sına
Bu ders üzerine 3 soru. 10 üzerinden 6 veya daha fazlasıyla (iki yıldız) sonraki ders açılır.
Soru 1
Which example does the Sullam give of a universal?
“What conveys sharing is the universal, like lion.”
Soru 2
Which is NOT one of the five universals?
The five are genus, differentia, accident, species and property; a definition is made of them.
Soru 3
A universal that lies outside the essence of what falls under it is…
It is ascribed to the essence if included in it, to an accident if it lies outside.
Sıradaki ders: Words and meanings; request and report
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