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The modalities: the eight simple propositions

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Indian path · level 3 · Tahdhīb al-manṭiq · Урок 8 из 16

The modalities: the eight simple propositions

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Arabic text after the print of Cairo 1330/1912 · translation by The Mantiqi, draft

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Tahdhīb al-manṭiq تَهْذِيبُ المَنْطِقِ

Saʿd al-Dīn al-Taftāzānī (d. 792/1390)

Text
Arabic: Matn Tahdhīb al-manṭiq wa-l-kalām (the logic part; the notes on the kalām part not reproduced), with notes collected by ʿAbd al-Qādir Maʿrūf al-Kurdī al-Sanandajī; vowel marks added by The Mantiqi (draft); two misprints corrected to the usual reading (p. 6 yalzamu taṣawwuruhu min taṣawwuri l-malzūm for the print's yalzamu min taṣawwurihi taṣawwuru l-malzūm; p. 13 al-fiṭriyyāt for al-naẓariyyāt), Maṭbaʿat al-Saʿāda, Cairo 1330/1912 View the scan
Translation
The Mantiqi's own; a draft.
Review
Draft, awaiting review by Ustadh Muhammad Yusuf.

Текст Saʿd al-Dīn al-Taftāzānī

Перевод пока на английском.

وَقَدْ يُصَرَّحُ بِكَيْفِيَّةِ النِّسْبَةِ فَمُوَجَّهَةٌ، وَما بِهِ البَيانُ جِهَةٌ. فَإِنْ كانَ الحُكْمُ فِي القَضِيَّةِ بِضَرُورَةِ النِّسْبَةِ ما دامَ ذاتُ المَوْضُوعِ فَضَرُورِيَّةٌ مُطْلَقَةٌ، أَوْ ما دامَ وَصْفُهُ فَمَشْرُوطَةٌ عامَّةٌ، أَوْ فِي وَقْتٍ مُعَيَّنٍ فَوَقْتِيَّةٌ مُطْلَقَةٌ، أَوْ غَيْرِ مُعَيَّنٍ فَمُنْتَشِرَةٌ مُطْلَقَةٌ؛ أَوْ بِدَوامِها ما دامَ الذّاتُ فَدائِمَةٌ مُطْلَقَةٌ، أَوْ ما دامَ الوَصْفُ فَعُرْفِيَّةٌ عامَّةٌ؛ أَوْ بِفِعْلِيَّتِها فَالمُطْلَقَةُ العامَّةُ، أَوْ بِعَدَمِ ضَرُورَةِ خِلافِها فَالمُمْكِنَةُ العامَّةُ؛ فَهٰذِهِ بَسائِطُ.

Sometimes the manner of the relation is stated; then the is modalised (muwajjaha), and what states it is the mode (jiha). If the judgement is that the relation is necessary as long as the itself exists, it is the absolute necessary (ḍarūriyya muṭlaqa); as long as its description lasts, the general (mashrūṭa ʿāmma); at a set time, the absolute temporal (waqtiyya muṭlaqa); at an unset time, the absolute spread (muntashira muṭlaqa). If it is that the relation lasts as long as the subject itself exists, the absolute perpetual (dāʾima muṭlaqa); as long as the description lasts, the general conventional (ʿurfiyya ʿāmma). If it is that the relation is actual, the general absolute (muṭlaqa ʿāmma); and if it is that its opposite is not necessary, the general possible (mumkina ʿāmma). These are the ones.

Tahdhīb al-manṭiq · с. 8

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Вопросов: 3 — о том, что объясняет комментарий. С 6 из 10 и выше (две звезды) открывается следующий урок.

  1. Вопрос 1

    “Every human is necessarily an animal, as long as he exists” is…

  2. Вопрос 2

    “Every writer necessarily moves his fingers as long as he writes” is…

  3. Вопрос 3

    Which simple proposition says only that the opposite of the relation is not necessary?

Следующий урок: The compound modal propositions

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