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Universals, and the six kinds of universal

Conceptions · aqsām al-kullī · hlm. 52

أَقْسامُ الكُلِّيِّ

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Pelajaran kami sendiri dengan kutipan dari cetakan Cairo 1324/1906 · terjemahan The Mantiqi, draf

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Ḥāshiyat al-Bājūrī ʿalā al-Sullam حاشِيَةُ الباجُورِيِّ عَلَى السُّلَّمِ

Ibrāhīm al-Bājūrī (d. 1276/1860)

Teks: Arab: bagian-bagian yang dikutip dalam pelajaran, disalin oleh The Mantiqi dari cetakan ini (seluruh teks tidak dimuat): Ḥāshiyat al-Bājūrī ʿalā matn al-Sullam, with al-Anbābī's taqrīr in the margin, al-Maṭbaʿa al-Azhariyya al-Miṣriyya (2nd printing), Cairo 1324/1906, pp. 26–112 (passages) Lihat pindaian
Pelajaran mengikuti: Pelajaran ini adalah penjelasan The Mantiqi sendiri atas Sullam, bait demi bait, mengikuti Ibrāhīm al-Bājūrī; kata-katanya dikutip di tempat yang paling penting.
Terjemahan: Karya The Mantiqi sendiri; draf.
Tinjauan: Draf, menunggu tinjauan Ustadh Muhammad Yusuf.

Dalam kata-kata Ibrāhīm al-Bājūrī

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Dikutip dari teks bahasa Arab Ḥāshiyat al-Bājūrī ʿalā matn al-Sullam, with al-Anbābī's taqrīr in the margin, Cairo 1324/1906

وَاعْلَمْ أَنَّ أَقْسامَ الكُلِّيِّ ثَلاثَةٌ: الأَوَّلُ ما لَمْ يُوجَدْ مِنْهُ شَيْءٌ، وَالثّانِي ما وُجِدَ مِنْهُ فَرْدٌ واحِدٌ فَقَطْ، وَالثّالِثُ ما وُجِدَ مِنْهُ أَفْرادٌ، كَذا قالَ الأَقْدَمُونَ، وَجَعَلَها المُتَأَخِّرُونَ سِتَّةً، حَيْثُ قَسَمُوا الأَوَّلَ إِلَى ما يَسْتَحِيلُ وُجُودُ شَيْءٍ مِنْهُ كَالجَمْعِ بَيْنَ الضِّدَّيْنِ، وَما لا يَسْتَحِيلُ كَبَحْرٍ مِنْ زِئْبَقٍ، وَقَسَمُوا الثّانِيَ إِلَى ما يَسْتَحِيلُ وُجُودُ غَيْرِ ذٰلِكَ الفَرْدِ الَّذِي وُجِدَ مِنْهُ كَالإِلٰهِ، وَما لا يَسْتَحِيلُ كَالشَّمْسِ، وَقَسَمُوا الثّالِثَ إِلَى ما وُجِدَ مِنْهُ أَفْرادٌ غَيْرُ مُتَناهِيَةٍ …

Know that the kinds of universal are three: one of which nothing exists; one of which a single individual exists; and one of which many exist. So said the earliest; the later scholars made them six. They divided the first into what cannot exist at all, like the joining of two contraries, and what can, like a sea of mercury; the second into that of which no individual besides the one that exists can exist, like “god”, and that of which another could, like “sun”; and the third into that of which infinitely many individuals exist …

Google Terjemahan ↗hlm. 52

Pelajaran

The Sullam defines the as what can be understood to be shared by many, and the as what cannot. Al-Bājūrī adds that the universal is a matter of what the allows, not of what exists: a universal may have no instance at all, or only one.

So the earliest scholars counted three kinds of : one of which nothing exists, one of which a single instance exists, and one of which many exist. The later scholars made them six: what cannot exist (the joining of two contraries) and what could but does not (a sea of mercury); what has one instance and can have no other (“god”) and what has one but could have more (“sun”); and what has many instances, finite or infinite.

The five of the poem — , , , property and — are then the kinds of universal by their relation to the of what they are said of: the first three are , the last two .

Istilah

الكُلِّيُّ al-kullī: the universal: what the mind allows to be shared by many
الجُزْئِيُّ al-juzʾī: the particular: what the mind does not allow to be shared
الكُلِّيّاتُ الخَمْسُ al-kulliyyāt al-khams: the five universals

Contoh

كَبَحْرٍ مِنْ زِئْبَقٍ
“like a sea of mercury”: a universal that could exist but has no instance

Uji dirimu

3 soal tentang pelajaran ini. Dengan nilai 6 dari 10 atau lebih (dua bintang), pelajaran berikutnya terbuka.

Soal 1
How many kinds of universal did the earliest scholars count, according to al-Bājūrī, and how many the later?
Soal 2
“A sea of mercury” is al-Bājūrī's example of…
Soal 3
Why is “sun” a universal although there is one sun?

Pelajaran berikutnya: Words, meanings, and the kinds of request

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