خانه / al-Sullam al-munawraq / درس 6 از 18
پیشنمایش
نگاهی به درس 6 از سطح 1. سطح 1 پس از سطح 1 باز میشود؛ تا آن زمان میتوانی این درس را بخوانی، اما آزمون آن و راه پس از آن بسته میماند.
قفل
Words and meanings; request and report
بازگشت به al-Sullam al-munawraqمسیر مغربی · سطح 1 · al-Sullam al-munawraq · درس 6 از 18
Words and meanings; request and report
Conceptions · nisbat al-alfāẓ li-l-maʿānī · ص 23
نِسْبَةُ الْأَلْفَاظِ لِلْمَعَانِي
پیشنویس · در انتظار بازبینی
متن عربی بر پایهٔ چاپ Jakarta 1434/2013 · ترجمهٔ The Mantiqi، پیشنویس
دربارهٔ این متن
al-Sullam al-munawraq السُّلَّمُ الْمُنَوْرَقُ
ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Akhḍarī (d. 983/1575)
- متن
- عربی, رونویسی The Mantiqi از این چاپ: Mutūn al-manṭiq wa-l-ḥikma: Īsāghūjī wa-l-Sullam al-munawraq, Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmiyya, Jakarta 1434/2013, pp. 20–32 دیدن تصویر اسکن
- درسها دنبال میکنند
- درسها توضیح خود The Mantiqi است، فصل به فصل از خود متن.
- ترجمه
- کار خود The Mantiqi؛ پیشنویس.
- بازبینی
- پیشنویس، در انتظار بازبینی Ustadh Muhammad Yusuf.
متن
زبان دیگری لازم داری؟ «Google Translate» بخشی از متن را در ترجمهٔ ماشینی گوگل باز میکند — برای برداشت نخست سودمند است، اما ما آن را بازبینی نکردهایم. یا متن را در مترجم دلخواهت رونوشت کن.
اصل عربی، Mutūn al-manṭiq wa-l-ḥikma: Īsāghūjī wa-l-Sullam al-munawraq, Jakarta 1434/2013
وَنِسْبَةُ الْأَلْفَاظِ لِلْمَعَانِيخَمْسَةُ أَقْسَامٍ بِلَا نُقْصَانِ
تَوَاطُؤٌ تَشَاكُكٌ تَخَالُفُوَالِاشْتِرَاكُ عَكْسُهُ التَّرَادُفُ
The relation of words to meanings is of five kinds, nothing lacking: univocal, graded, distinct, equivocal, and its opposite, synonymous.
وَاللَّفْظُ إِمَّا طَلَبٌ أَوْ خَبَرُوَأَوَّلٌ ثَلَاثَةٌ سَتُذْكَرُ
أَمْرٌ مَعَ اسْتِعْلَا وَعَكْسُهُ دُعَاوَفِي التَّسَاوِي فَالْتِمَاسٌ وَقَعَا
Speech is either a request or a report. The first is of three kinds, to be named: a command, with superiority; its opposite, a supplication; and between equals it is called a request (iltimās).
درس
Words stand to meanings in five ways. Univocal (tawāṭuʾ): one meaning found equally in all it applies to, like “man” for Zayd and ʿAmr. Graded (tashākuk): one meaning found more in some than in others, like “white” for snow and for ivory. Distinct (takhāluf): different words for different meanings, like “man” and “horse”. Equivocal (ishtirāk): one word for several meanings, like “ʿayn”. Synonymous (tarāduf), its opposite: several words for one meaning, like “layth” and “asad”.
Speech is either a report (khabar), which can be true or false, or a request (ṭalab). A request from above is a command (amr); from below, a supplication (duʿāʾ); between equals, a request in the narrow sense (iltimās).
اصطلاحات
- التَّوَاطُؤُ al-tawāṭuʾ
- univocal: one meaning, equally
- التَّشَاكُكُ al-tashākuk
- graded: one meaning, more and less
- التَّخَالُفُ al-takhāluf
- distinct: different words, different meanings
- الِاشْتِرَاكُ al-ishtirāk
- equivocal: one word, several meanings
- التَّرَادُفُ al-tarāduf
- synonymous: several words, one meaning
- الْأَمْرُ / الدُّعَاءُ / الِالْتِمَاسُ al-amr / al-duʿāʾ / al-iltimās
- command / supplication / request between equals
مثالها
أَمْرٌ مَعَ اسْتِعْلَا وَعَكْسُهُ دُعَا
a command comes from above; its opposite is a supplication
خودت را بیازما
3 پرسش دربارهٔ این درس. با ۶ از ۱۰ یا بیشتر (دو ستاره) درس بعدی باز میشود.
پرسش 1
“White” said of snow and of ivory, more of one than the other, is…
One meaning found more strongly in some than in others is graded.
پرسش 2
A request addressed by an equal to an equal is called…
With superiority it is a command, from below a supplication, and between equals iltimās.
پرسش 3
“ʿAyn” for eye, spring and essence is…
One word with several meanings is equivocal.
درس بعدی: Whole and universal, part and particular
ادامه ←