خانه / Ḥāshiyat al-Bājūrī ʿalā al-Sullam / درس 13 از 18
قفل
The four figures
بازگشت به Ḥāshiyat al-Bājūrī ʿalā al-Sullamمسیر مغربی · سطح 2 · Ḥāshiyat al-Bājūrī ʿalā al-Sullam · درس 13 از 18
The four figures
The syllogism · al-ashkāl al-arbaʿa · ص 91
الأَشْكالُ الأَرْبَعَةُ
پیش‌نویس · در انتظار بازبینی
درس‌های خود ما با نقل‌هایی از چاپ Cairo 1324/1906 · ترجمهٔ The Mantiqi، پیش‌نویس
دربارهٔ این متن
Ḥāshiyat al-Bājūrī ʿalā al-Sullam حاشِيَةُ الباجُورِيِّ عَلَى السُّلَّمِ
Ibrāhīm al-Bājūrī (d. 1276/1860)
- متن
- عربی: بخش‌هایی که در درس‌ها نقل شده، رونویسی The Mantiqi از این چاپ (همهٔ متن نقل نمی‌شود): Ḥāshiyat al-Bājūrī ʿalā matn al-Sullam, with al-Anbābī's taqrīr in the margin, al-Maṭbaʿa al-Azhariyya al-Miṣriyya (2nd printing), Cairo 1324/1906, pp. 26–112 (passages) دیدن تصویر اسکن
- درس‌ها دنبال می‌کنند
- درس‌ها توضیح خود The Mantiqi بر سلم است، بیت به بیت، به پیروی از Ibrāhīm al-Bājūrī؛ سخنانش هر جا مهم‌تر است نقل می‌شود.
- ترجمه
- کار خود The Mantiqi؛ پیش‌نویس.
- بازبینی
- پیش‌نویس، در انتظار بازبینی Ustadh Muhammad Yusuf.
به سخن Ibrāhīm al-Bājūrī
زبان دیگری لازم داری؟ «Google Translate» بخشی از متن را در ترجمهٔ ماشینی گوگل باز می‌کند — برای برداشت نخست سودمند است، اما ما آن را بازبینی نکرده‌ایم. یا متن را در مترجم دلخواهت رونوشت کن.
نقل‌شده از متن عربی Ḥāshiyat al-Bājūrī ʿalā matn al-Sullam, with al-Anbābī's taqrīr in the margin, Cairo 1324/1906
(قَوْلُهُ وَحَمْلُهُ فِي الكُلِّ) أَيْ كَما فِي قَوْلِكَ: كُلُّ إِنْسانٍ حَيَوانٌ، وَلا شَيْءَ مِنَ الحَجَرِ بِحَيَوانٍ. (قَوْلُهُ ثانِيًا عُرِفْ) أَيْ عُرِفَ شَكْلًا ثانِيًا، بِمَعْنَى أَنَّهُ سُمِّيَ بِذٰلِكَ … (قَوْلُهُ وَوَضْعُهُ فِي الكُلِّ) أَيْ كَما فِي قَوْلِكَ: كُلُّ حَيَوانٍ حَسّاسٌ، وَبَعْضُ الحَيَوانِ ناطِقٌ.
(His words “its being predicated in both”): as when you say, “Every human is an animal, and no stone is an animal.” (“is known as the second”): that is, it is known as the second figure, meaning that it is so named … (“its being the subject in both”): as when you say, “Every animal is sensing, and some animals are rational.”
درس
The Sullam names the by the place of the : of the and of the is the first; predicate of both, the second; subject of both, the third; and the reverse of the first, the fourth.
Al-Bājūrī's notes give each line an example. For the second, “every human is an animal, and no stone is an animal”, where “animal” is in both; for the third, “every animal is sensing, and some animals are rational”, where “animal” is the in both.
He reads the poem's short phrases closely: “is known as the second” means it is named the second ; where the poet leaves out a word because the line before supplies it, the gloss puts it back. The figures stand in order of how clearly they yield: the first by itself, the others by being brought back to it.
اصطلاحات
- الشَّكْلُ al-shakl
- figure: the arrangement of the middle term in the premises
- الصُّغْرَى al-ṣughrā
- the minor premise
- الكُبْرَى al-kubrā
- the major premise
مثال‌ها
كُلُّ إِنْسانٍ حَيَوانٌ وَلا شَيْءَ مِنَ الحَجَرِ بِحَيَوانٍ
second figure: the middle term predicated in both
خودت را بیازما
3 پرسش دربارهٔ این درس. با ۶ از ۱۰ یا بیشتر (دو ستاره) درس بعدی باز می‌شود.
پرسش 1
“Every human is an animal, and no stone is an animal”: which figure?
It is al-Bājūrī's example of the second figure: “animal” is predicated in both premises.
پرسش 2
“Every animal is sensing, and some animals are rational”: which figure?
The middle term “animal” is the subject in both: the third figure.
پرسش 3
In the fourth figure the middle term is…
The fourth is the reverse of the first.
درس بعدی: The conditions of the figures
ادامه ←