Home / Practice: tikrār

Practice: tikrār التَّكْرار

Tikrār is repetition: review what you have passed, as the madrasa student reads a lesson again before the next. Every lesson you pass joins it.

Open a book and tick the lessons to review, or a whole chapter or book
Shuffle the questions and answers if you like
Press Start and answer: each question explains itself

Nothing to review yet

Tikrār opens with your first passed lesson: pass a lesson's test with at least two stars and it appears here.

Go to the study portal

Select all

Options

Shuffle questions Shuffle answers

Indian madrasa

Indian path · level 1al-Ṣughrā · al-Sayyid al-Sharīf al-Jurjānīالصُّغْرَى0 of 10 passed

All passed lessons of this book

Knowledge and how it is gainedKnowledge and how it is gainedتَقْسِيمُ العِلْمِ

1. Conception, assent and judgementالتَّصَوُّرُ وَالتَّصْدِيقُ
2. Self-evident and acquired; reflectionالضَّرُورِيُّ وَالنَّظَرِيُّ وَالفِكْرُ

DefinitionDefinitionبَحْثُ المُعَرِّفِ

3. Particular and universalالجُزْئِيُّ وَالكُلِّيُّ
4. The five universalsالكُلِّيّاتُ الخَمْسُ
5. Near and far genusالجِنْسُ القَرِيبُ وَالبَعِيدُ
6. The four kinds of definitionأَنْواعُ المُعَرِّفِ

ProofProofبَحْثُ الحُجَّةِ وَالدَّلِيلِ

7. The proposition: categorical and conditionalالقَضِيَّةُ الحَمْلِيَّةُ وَالمُتَّصِلَةُ
8. The disjunctive and its three kindsالمُنْفَصِلَةُ وَأَقْسامُها
9. The conjunctive syllogism and the four figuresالقِياسُ الاقْتِرانِيُّ وَالأَشْكالُ الأَرْبَعَةُ
10. The exceptive syllogismالقِياسُ الاسْتِثْنائِيُّ

Go to al-Ṣughrā →

Indian path · level 1al-Kubrā · al-Sayyid al-Sharīf al-Jurjānīالكُبْرَى0 of 21 passed

All passed lessons of this book

FoundationsFoundationsالمُقَدِّمَةُ

1. The mind, the senses, and the two kinds of knowledgeالقُوَّةُ العاقِلَةُ وَالحَواسُّ الخَمْسُ
2. What an assent depends onشُرُوطُ التَّصْدِيقِ
3. Self-evident and acquired; reflectionالبَدِيهِيُّ وَالنَّظَرِيُّ وَالفِكْرُ

Signification and expressionsSignification and expressionsالدَّلالَةُ وَالأَلْفاظُ

4. Signification and its three kindsالدَّلالَةُ وَأَنْواعُها
5. Correspondence, inclusion and implicationالمُطابَقَةُ وَالتَّضَمُّنُ وَالالْتِزامُ
6. Literal and figurative; one meaning and manyالحَقِيقَةُ وَالمَجازُ وَالمُشْتَرَكُ وَالمُتَرادِفُ
7. The single expression and its kindsالمُفْرَدُ وَأَقْسامُهُ
8. The composite expression; what is conceived and what is assented toالمُرَكَّبُ التّامُّ وَغَيْرُ التّامِّ

ConceptionsConceptionsبَحْثُ التَّصَوُّراتِ

9. Real and relative particularsالجُزْئِيُّ الحَقِيقِيُّ وَالإِضافِيُّ
10. Essential and accidental; species, genus, and what is fully sharedالذّاتِيُّ وَالعَرَضِيُّ وَتَمامُ المُشْتَرَكِ
11. Near and far genera; the highest and the lowestمَراتِبُ الأَجْناسِ
12. Differentia, and the relative speciesالفَصْلُ وَالنَّوْعُ الإِضافِيُّ
13. The accidentals and the four kinds of definerالخاصَّةُ وَالعَرَضُ العامُّ وَأَنْواعُ المُعَرِّفِ

AssentsAssentsبَحْثُ التَّصْدِيقاتِ

14. The proposition, its parts and its kindsالقَضِيَّةُ وَأَجْزاؤُها وَأَقْسامُها
15. Kinds of categorical; metathetic propositionsأَنْواعُ الحَمْلِيَّةِ وَالمَعْدُولَةُ
16. The five modals and conversionالمُوَجَّهاتُ الخَمْسُ وَالعَكْسُ المُسْتَوِي
17. Contradiction; the kinds of conditionalالتَّناقُضُ وَأَقْسامُ الشَّرْطِيَّةِ

ProofProofبَحْثُ الحُجَّةِ

18. Proof and its three kinds; the definition of the syllogismالحُجَّةُ وَأَقْسامُها وَتَعْرِيفُ القِياسِ
19. The middle term and the first figureالحَدُّ الأَوْسَطُ وَالشَّكْلُ الأَوَّلُ
20. The second and third figuresالشَّكْلُ الثّانِي وَالثّالِثُ
21. The exceptive syllogismالقِياسُ الاسْتِثْنائِيُّ

Go to al-Kubrā →

Indian path · level 2al-Mirqāt · Faḍl-i Imām Khayrābādīالمِرْقاة0 of 25 passed

All passed lessons of this book

al-Mirqāt

1. The opening: knowledge, conception and assentالمُقَدِّمَة
2. Logic: its founder, definition, subject and aimالمُقَدِّمَة
3. Significationالأَلْفَاظ وَالدَّلَالَة
4. The simple utterance and its kindsالأَلْفَاظ وَالدَّلَالَة
5. The composite utteranceالأَلْفَاظ وَالدَّلَالَة
6. Particular and universal, and the relations between universalsالكُلِّيَّات الخَمْس
7. Genus and species, and how they are orderedالكُلِّيَّات الخَمْس
8. Differentia, proprium, common accidentالكُلِّيَّات الخَمْس
9. Definitionsالتَّعْرِيف
10. The proposition: kinds, parts and quantityالقَضَايَا
11. Predication, further divisions and modal propositionsالقَضَايَا
12. Composite modal propositionsالقَضَايَا
13. Conditional propositionsالقَضَايَا
14. Contradictionالقَضَايَا
15. Conversion and contrapositionالقَضَايَا
16. The syllogism and the first figureالقِيَاس
17. The second, third and fourth figuresالقِيَاس
18. Conditional and exceptive syllogismsالقِيَاس
19. Induction, analogy, reductio, matter and formالقِيَاس
20. Demonstrationالصِّنَاعَات الخَمْس
21. Dialectic, rhetoric, poetics and sophistryالصِّنَاعَات الخَمْس
22. The causes of errorالصِّنَاعَات الخَمْس
23. Fallacies in the meaningالصِّنَاعَات الخَمْس
24. A puzzleالصِّنَاعَات الخَمْس
25. Closing: the parts of a science and the eight headingsالصِّنَاعَات الخَمْس

Go to al-Mirqāt →

Indian path · level 3Tahdhīb al-manṭiq · Saʿd al-Dīn al-Taftāzānīتَهْذِيبُ المَنْطِقِ0 of 16 passed

All passed lessons of this book

Tahdhīb al-manṭiq

1. The opening: knowledge, the need for logic and its subjectالمُقَدِّمَة
2. Signification and the kinds of utteranceالأَلْفَاظ وَالدَّلَالَة
3. Universal and particular; the four relationsالكُلِّيَّات الخَمْس
4. The five universals: genus and speciesالكُلِّيَّات الخَمْس
5. Differentia, property and accident; the three universalsالكُلِّيَّات الخَمْس
6. The definer and its kindsالتَّعْرِيف
7. The proposition: categorical, quantity and existenceالقَضَايَا
8. The modalities: the eight simple propositionsالقَضَايَا
9. The compound modal propositionsالقَضَايَا
10. The kinds of conditionalالقَضَايَا
11. Contradictionالقَضَايَا
12. Simple conversion and contrapositionالقَضَايَا
13. The syllogism, the four figures and the firstالقِيَاس
14. The second, third and fourth figuresالقِيَاس
15. Conditional and repetitive syllogisms, induction and analogyالقِيَاس
16. The five arts and the parts of the sciencesالصِّنَاعَات الخَمْس

Go to Tahdhīb al-manṭiq →

Ottoman madrasa

Ottoman path · level 1Īsāghūjī · Athīr al-Dīn al-Abharī (d. 663/1265)إِيسَاغُوجِي0 of 48 passed

All passed lessons of this book

IntroductionIntroductionالمُقَدِّمَة

Logicالمَنْطِق
Knowledgeالعِلْم
Conceptionالتَّصَوُّر
Assentالتَّصْدِيق
Immediate knowledgeالضَّرُورِيّ
Acquired knowledgeالنَّظَرِيّ
Reflectionالنَّظَر
Argumentالحُجَّة

Utterances and significationUtterances and significationالأَلْفَاظ وَالدَّلَالَة

Utteranceاللَّفْظ
Signification by correspondenceدَلَالَةُ المُطَابَقَة
Signification by inclusionدَلَالَةُ التَّضَمُّن
Signification by implicationدَلَالَةُ الالْتِزَام
Simple utteranceالمُفْرَد
Composite utteranceالمُرَكَّب
Universalالكُلِّيّ
Particularالجُزْئِيّ

The five universalsThe five universalsالكُلِّيَّات الخَمْس

Essential universalالذَّاتِيّ
Accidental universalالعَرَضِيّ
Genusالجِنْس
Speciesالنَّوْع
Differentiaالفَصْل
Propriumالخَاصَّة
Common accidentالعَرَضُ العَامّ

DefinitionDefinitionالتَّعْرِيف

Defining statementالقَوْلُ الشَّارِح
Essential definitionالحَدّ
Descriptive definitionالرَّسْم

PropositionsPropositionsالقَضَايَا

Propositionالقَضِيَّة
Categorical propositionالحَمْلِيَّة
Subjectالمَوْضُوع
Predicateالمَحْمُول
Quantified propositionالمَحْصُورَة
Conditional propositionالشَّرْطِيَّة
Connective conditionalالمُتَّصِلَة
Disjunctive conditionalالمُنْفَصِلَة
Contradictionالتَّنَاقُض
Simple conversionالعَكْسُ المُسْتَوِي

SyllogismSyllogismالقِيَاس

Syllogismالقِيَاس
Conjunctive syllogismالقِيَاسُ الاقْتِرَانِيّ
Exceptive syllogismالقِيَاسُ الاسْتِثْنَائِيّ
Middle termالحَدُّ الأَوْسَط
Minor and major premiseالصُّغْرَى وَالكُبْرَى
Figureالشَّكْل

The five artsThe five artsالصِّنَاعَات الخَمْس

Demonstrationالبُرْهَان
Certain premisesاليَقِينِيَّات
Dialecticالجَدَل
Rhetoricالخَطَابَة
Poeticsالشِّعْر
Sophistryالمُغَالَطَة

Go to Īsāghūjī →

Ottoman path · level 2Sharḥ Īsāghūjī · Ḥusām al-Dīn al-Kātīشَرْحُ إِيساغُوجِي0 of 17 passed

All passed lessons of this book

Sharḥ Īsāghūjī

1. Significationالأَلْفَاظ وَالدَّلَالَة
2. Simple and composite, universal and particularالأَلْفَاظ وَالدَّلَالَة
3. Genus, species and differentiaالكُلِّيَّات الخَمْس
4. Proprium and common accidentالكُلِّيَّات الخَمْس
5. Definitionsالتَّعْرِيف
6. The proposition and its kindsالقَضَايَا
7. Quality and quantityالقَضَايَا
8. Connective and disjunctive propositionsالقَضَايَا
9. Contradictionالقَضَايَا
10. Conversionالقَضَايَا
11. The syllogism and its termsالقِيَاس
12. The four figuresالقِيَاس
13. The moods of the first figureالقِيَاس
14. Syllogisms of conditional propositionsالقِيَاس
15. The exceptive syllogismالقِيَاس
16. Demonstration and certain premisesالصِّنَاعَات الخَمْس
17. The other four artsالصِّنَاعَات الخَمْس

Go to Sharḥ Īsāghūjī →

North-African madrasa

North-African path · level 1al-Sullam al-munawraq · ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Akhḍarīالسُّلَّمُ الْمُنَوْرَقُ0 of 18 passed

All passed lessons of this book

IntroductionIntroductionالْمُقَدِّمَةُ

1. The opening: what logic is forالْمُقَدِّمَةُ
2. May one study logic?جَوَازُ الِاشْتِغَالِ بِهِ
3. Kinds of knowledgeأَنْوَاعُ الْعِلْمِ الْحَادِثِ
4. The three kinds of significationأَنْوَاعُ الدَّلَالَةِ الْوَضْعِيَّةِ

ConceptionsConceptionsمَبَادِئُ التَّصَوُّرَاتِ

5. Words, universals and the five universalsمَبَاحِثُ الْأَلْفَاظِ
6. Words and meanings; request and reportنِسْبَةُ الْأَلْفَاظِ لِلْمَعَانِي
7. Whole and universal, part and particularالْكُلُّ وَالْكُلِّيَّةُ وَالْجُزْءُ وَالْجُزْئِيَّةُ
8. The definers and their conditionsالْمُعَرِّفَاتُ

PropositionsPropositionsالْقَضَايَا

9. Propositions and their kindsالْقَضَايَا وَأَحْكَامُهَا
10. Contradictionالتَّنَاقُضُ
11. Conversionالْعَكْسُ الْمُسْتَوِي

The syllogismThe syllogismالْقِيَاسُ

12. The syllogism and its premisesالْقِيَاسُ
13. The four figuresالْأَشْكَالُ
14. Conditions and moods of the figuresشُرُوطُ الْأَشْكَالِ
15. The exceptive syllogismالْقِيَاسُ الِاسْتِثْنَائِيُّ
16. Compound syllogism, induction and analogyلَوَاحِقُ الْقِيَاسِ

Proof and conclusionProof and conclusionأَقْسَامُ الْحُجَّةِ وَالْخَاتِمَةُ

17. The kinds of proof and the certain premisesأَقْسَامُ الْحُجَّةِ
18. Errors in proof, and the close of the poemالْخَاتِمَةُ

Go to al-Sullam al-munawraq →

North-African path · level 2Ḥāshiyat al-Bājūrī ʿalā al-Sullam · Ibrāhīm al-Bājūrīحاشِيَةُ الباجُورِيِّ عَلَى السُّلَّمِ0 of 18 passed

All passed lessons of this book

IntroductionIntroductionالْمُقَدِّمَةُ

1. What logic is, and what it is forمُقَدِّمَةُ الحاشِيَةِ
2. May one study logic? The three opinionsحُكْمُ الاشْتِغالِ بِالمَنْطِقِ
3. Conception, assent, and the names of the two roadsأَنْواعُ العِلْمِ الحادِثِ
4. The six kinds of significationأَنْواعُ الدَّلالَةِ

ConceptionsConceptionsمَبَادِئُ التَّصَوُّرَاتِ

5. Universals, and the six kinds of universalأَقْسامُ الكُلِّيِّ
6. Words, meanings, and the kinds of requestالأَلْفاظُ وَالطَّلَبُ
7. Whole and universal, part and particularالكُلُّ وَالكُلِّيَّةُ
8. The definers: two kinds or three?أَقْسامُ المُعَرِّفِ

PropositionsPropositionsالْقَضَايَا

9. The proposition: what admits truth of itselfتَعْرِيفُ القَضِيَّةِ
10. Contradictionالتَّناقُضُ
11. Conversionالعَكْسُ المُسْتَوِي

The syllogismThe syllogismالْقِيَاسُ

12. The syllogismالقِياسُ
13. The four figuresالأَشْكالُ الأَرْبَعَةُ
14. The conditions of the figuresشُرُوطُ الأَشْكالِ
15. The exceptive syllogismالقِياسُ الاسْتِثْنائِيُّ
16. Compound syllogism, induction and analogyلَواحِقُ القِياسِ

Proof and conclusionProof and conclusionأَقْسَامُ الْحُجَّةِ وَالْخَاتِمَةُ

17. The kinds of argument and their premisesأَقْسامُ الحُجَّةِ
18. Errors in proofالخَطَأُ فِي البُرْهانِ

Go to Ḥāshiyat al-Bājūrī ʿalā al-Sullam →

Practice: tikrār التَّكْرار

Nothing to review yet

Indian madrasaYour path

Ottoman madrasaYour path

North-African madrasaYour path

Other paths

Indian madrasa

Ottoman madrasa

North-African madrasa