Indian path · level 3 · Tahdhīb al-manṭiq · Lesson 13 of 16
13
The syllogism, the four figures and the first
Syllogism
القِيَاس
Arabic text after the print of Cairo 1330/1912 · translation by The Mantiqi, draft
About this text
Tahdhīb al-manṭiq تَهْذِيبُ المَنْطِقِ
Saʿd al-Dīn al-Taftāzānī (d. 792/1390)
Text
Arabic: Matn Tahdhīb al-manṭiq wa-l-kalām (the logic part; the notes on the kalām part not reproduced), with notes collected by ʿAbd al-Qādir Maʿrūf al-Kurdī al-Sanandajī; vowel marks added by The Mantiqi (draft); two misprints corrected to the usual reading (p. 6 yalzamu taṣawwuruhu min taṣawwuri l-malzūm for the print's yalzamu min taṣawwurihi taṣawwuru l-malzūm; p. 13 al-fiṭriyyāt for al-naẓariyyāt), Maṭbaʿat al-Saʿāda, Cairo 1330/1912 View the scan
The (qiyās) is a statement composed of from which, by itself, another statement follows. If that statement is mentioned in it in its matter and its form, it is repetitive (istithnāʾī); otherwise it is (iqtirānī), or .
In the categorical, the of what is sought is called the , its the , and the repeated term the ; the containing the minor term is the , the one containing the the major premise, and the arrangement the (shakl).
The is either the of the and the of the , which is the first ; or the predicate of both, the second; or the subject of both, the third; or the reverse of the first, the fourth.
In the first the must be and actual, and the , so that the two affirmatives, with the affirmative, yield the two affirmatives, and with the the two negatives — self-evidently.