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Whole and universal, part and particular
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Whole and universal, part and particular
Conceptions · al-kull wa-l-kulliyya wa-l-juzʾ wa-l-juzʾiyya · p. 23
الْكُلُّ وَالْكُلِّيَّةُ وَالْجُزْءُ وَالْجُزْئِيَّةُ
Draft · awaiting review
Arabic text after the print of Jakarta 1434/2013 · translation by The Mantiqi, draft
About this text
al-Sullam al-munawraq السُّلَّمُ الْمُنَوْرَقُ
ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Akhḍarī (d. 983/1575)
- Text
- Arabic, transcribed by The Mantiqi from this print: Mutūn al-manṭiq wa-l-ḥikma: Īsāghūjī wa-l-Sullam al-munawraq, Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmiyya, Jakarta 1434/2013, pp. 20–32 View the scan
- Lessons follow
- The lessons are The Mantiqi's own explanations, chapter by chapter of the text itself.
- Translation
- The Mantiqi's own; a draft.
- Review
- Draft, awaiting review by Ustadh Muhammad Yusuf.
The text
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Arabic original, Mutūn al-manṭiq wa-l-ḥikma: Īsāghūjī wa-l-Sullam al-munawraq, Jakarta 1434/2013
الْكُلُّ حُكْمُنَا عَلَى الْمَجْمُوعِكَكُلُّ ذَاكَ لَيْسَ ذَا وُقُوعِ
وَحَيْثُمَا لِكُلِّ فَرْدٍ حُكِمَافَإِنَّهُ كُلِّيَّةٌ قَدْ عُلِمَا
وَالْحُكْمُ لِلْبَعْضِ هُوَ الْجُزْئِيَّهْوَالْجُزْءُ مَعْرِفَتُهُ جَلِيَّهْ
The whole is our judgement on the totality, as in “all of that did not happen”; and wherever a judgement is made on each individual, it is a universal judgement, as is known. A judgement on some is the particular one, and the part is plain to know.
Google Translate ↗p. 23
The lesson
The Sullam separates four words that beginners confuse. A judgement on the whole (kull) is on the group taken together: “all the people of the town lift the rock” — together, not each one. A judgement (kulliyya) is on each individual: “every man is mortal”. The poem's example of the whole is “all of that did not happen”, a judgement on the set as a set.
A judgement (juzʾiyya) is on some: “some men are writers”. And the part (juzʾ), as the poem says, is plain: a piece of a whole, as the roof is of the house. Only the and the particular judgement are used in syllogisms; a judgement on a whole as a whole does not pass to each of its members.
Terms
- الْكُلُّ al-kull
- the whole: a judgement on the group together
- الْكُلِّيَّةُ al-kulliyya
- universal judgement: on each individual
- الْجُزْئِيَّةُ al-juzʾiyya
- particular judgement: on some
- الْجُزْءُ al-juzʾ
- the part
Examples
كُلُّ ذَاكَ لَمْ يَكُنْ
“all of that did not happen”: a judgement on the whole
Test yourself
3 questions on this lesson. With 6 out of 10 or more (two stars) the next lesson opens.
Question 1
“Every man is mortal” is a judgement on…
A judgement on each individual is the judgement.
Question 2
“The people of the town together lift the rock” judges…
That is a judgement on the whole as a group, not on each member.
Question 3
A judgement on some is called…
The judgement on some is the (juzʾiyya).
Next lesson: The definers and their conditions
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