The Mantiqi

ابحث بالعربية أو بالنقل الحرفي، بالتشكيل أو بدونه.

    الإِعْدادات

    النقل الحرفي
    الحركات (التَّشْكِيل)
    التاريخ الهجري أولًا
    الوَضْعُ الدّاكِن
    الخَطُّ العَرَبِيّ

    اللغة

    الترجمات مسوّدات، مثل النصّ الإنجليزي، حتى يراجعها مُعَلِّم.

    الرئيسية / al-Sullam al-munawraq / الدَّرْسُ 14 مِنْ 18

    مُقْفَل

    Conditions and moods of the figures

    العَوْدَةُ إِلَى al-Sullam al-munawraq

    المَسارُ المَغارِبِيّ · المُسْتَوَى 1 · al-Sullam al-munawraq · الدَّرْسُ 14 مِنْ 18

    Conditions and moods of the figures

    The syllogism · shurūṭ al-ashkāl · ص 27–28

    شُرُوطُ الْأَشْكَالِ

    مسوّدة · بانتظار المراجعة

    النَّصُّ بِاللُّغَةِ العَرَبِيَّة عَلَى طَبْعَةِ Jakarta 1434/2013 · تَرْجَمَةُ The Mantiqi، مُسَوَّدَة

    عَنْ هٰذا النَّصّ

    al-Sullam al-munawraq السُّلَّمُ الْمُنَوْرَقُ

    ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Akhḍarī (d. 983/1575)

    النَّصّ
    العَرَبِيَّة, نَقَلَهُ The Mantiqi مِنْ هٰذِهِ الطَّبْعَة: Mutūn al-manṭiq wa-l-ḥikma: Īsāghūjī wa-l-Sullam al-munawraq, Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmiyya, Jakarta 1434/2013, pp. 20–32 اعْرِضِ الصُّورَة
    تَتْبَعُ الدُّرُوس
    الدُّرُوسُ شَرْحُ The Mantiqi الخاصُّ، فَصْلًا فَصْلًا مِنَ النَّصِّ نَفْسِه.
    التَّرْجَمَة
    مِنْ عَمَلِ The Mantiqi؛ مُسَوَّدَة.
    المُراجَعَة
    مُسَوَّدَة، بِانْتِظارِ مُراجَعَةِ Ustadh Muhammad Yusuf.

    النَّصّ

    تَحْتاجُ لُغَةً أُخْرَى؟ «تَرْجَمَةُ Google» تَفْتَحُ المَقْطَعَ فِي التَّرْجَمَةِ الآلِيَّةِ مِنْ Google — مُفِيدَةٌ لِفِكْرَةٍ أُولَى، لٰكِنَّنا لَمْ نُراجِعْها. أَوِ انْسَخِ النَّصَّ إِلَى مُتَرْجِمٍ تَخْتارُه.

    اقْرَإِ النَّصَّ كامِلًا بِاللُّغَةِ العَرَبِيَّة →

    الأَصْلُ بِاللُّغَةِ العَرَبِيَّة، Mutūn al-manṭiq wa-l-ḥikma: Īsāghūjī wa-l-Sullam al-munawraq, Jakarta 1434/2013

    فَشَرْطُهُ الْإِيجَابُ فِي صُغْرَاهُوَأَنْ تُرَى كُلِّيَّةً كُبْرَاهُ

    وَالثَّانِ أَنْ يَخْتَلِفَا فِي الْكَيْفِ مَعْكُلِّيَّةِ الْكُبْرَى لَهُ شَرْطٌ وَقَعْ

    وَالثَّالِثُ الْإِيجَابُ فِي صُغْرَاهُمَاوَأَنْ تُرَى كُلِّيَّةً إِحْدَاهُمَا

    As for the first, its condition is affirmation in its minor and that its major be universal. For the second, that they differ in quality, with the universality of the major: this is its condition. For the third, affirmation in the minor and that one of the two be universal.

    ص 27–28

    وَرَابِعٌ عَدَمُ جَمْعِ الْخِسَّتَيْنْإِلَّا بِصُورَةٍ فَفِيهَا تَسْتَبِينْ

    صُغْرَاهُمَا مُوجَبَةٌ جُزْئِيَّهْكُبْرَاهُمَا سَالِبَةٌ كُلِّيَّهْ

    For the fourth, that the two weaknesses not be joined, except in one form, which you will find: its minor a particular affirmative and its major a universal negative.

    ص 28

    فَمُنْتِجٌ لِأَوَّلٍ أَرْبَعَةُكَالثَّانِ ثُمَّ ثَالِثٌ فَسِتَّةُ

    وَرَابِعٌ بِخَمْسَةٍ قَدْ أَنْتَجَاوَغَيْرُ مَا ذَكَرْتُهُ لَنْ يُنْتِجَا

    وَتَتْبَعُ النَّتِيجَةُ الْأَخَسَّ مِنْتِلْكَ الْمُقَدِّمَاتِ هٰكَذَا زُكِنْ

    So the first produces four moods, like the second; then the third, six; and the fourth produces by five; anything other than what I have mentioned will not produce. The conclusion follows the weaker of those premises: so it is known.

    ص 28

    وَهٰذِهِ الْأَشْكَالُ بِالْحَمْلِيِّمُخْتَصَّةٌ وَلَيْسَ بِالشَّرْطِيِّ

    وَالْحَذْفُ فِي بَعْضِ الْمُقَدِّمَاتِأَوِ النَّتِيجَةِ لِعِلْمٍ آتِ

    وَتَنْتَهِي إِلَى ضَرُورَةٍ لِمَامِنْ دَوْرٍ اَوْ تَسَلْسُلٍ قَدْ لَزِمَا

    These figures belong to the categorical, not to the conditional. A premise or the conclusion may be left out when it is known. And the premises end in what is necessary, because of the circle or the endless regress that would otherwise follow.

    ص 28

    الدَّرْس

    The first needs an and a . The second needs differing in quality and a universal major. The third needs an affirmative minor and one universal premise. The fourth must not join the two weaknesses, and particularity, except in one form: a minor with a major.

    So the first produces four , the second four, the third six and the fourth five; nothing else produces. The follows the weaker : if one premise is , so is the conclusion; if one is , so is the conclusion. These figures are for . A premise or the conclusion may be left unsaid when it is known, and premises must end in what is necessary, or there would be a circle or an endless regress.

    المُصْطَلَحات

    الْإِيجَابُ فِي الصُّغْرَى al-ījāb fī l-ṣughrā
    affirmation in the minor
    كُلِّيَّةُ الْكُبْرَى kulliyyat al-kubrā
    universality of the major
    الْأَخَسُّ al-akhass
    the weaker premise, which the conclusion follows
    التَّسَلْسُلُ al-tasalsul
    endless regress

    الأَمْثِلَة

    • وَتَتْبَعُ النَّتِيجَةُ الْأَخَسَّ

      the conclusion follows the weaker premise

    اخْتَبِرْ نَفْسَك

    عَدَدُ الأَسْئِلَةِ عَلَى هٰذا الدَّرْسِ 3. بِسِتَّةٍ مِنْ عَشَرَةٍ فَأَكْثَرَ (نَجْمَتَيْن) يُفْتَحُ الدَّرْسُ التّالِي.

    1. السؤال 1

      How many productive moods does the third figure have?

    2. السؤال 2

      One premise is negative and the other affirmative. The conclusion will be…

    3. السؤال 3

      What are the conditions of the second figure?

    الدَّرْسُ التّالِي: The exceptive syllogism

    تابِع ←