الرئيسية / Ḥāshiyat al-Bājūrī ʿalā al-Sullam / الدَّرْسُ 9 مِنْ 18
مُقْفَل
The proposition: what admits truth of itself
العَوْدَةُ إِلَى Ḥāshiyat al-Bājūrī ʿalā al-Sullamالمَسارُ المَغارِبِيّ · المُسْتَوَى 2 · Ḥāshiyat al-Bājūrī ʿalā al-Sullam · الدَّرْسُ 9 مِنْ 18
The proposition: what admits truth of itself
Propositions · taʿrīf al-qaḍiyya · ص 66
تَعْرِيفُ القَضِيَّةِ
مسوّدة · بانتظار المراجعة
دُرُوسُنا الخاصَّةُ مَعَ نُقُولٍ مِنْ طَبْعَةِ Cairo 1324/1906 · تَرْجَمَةُ The Mantiqi، مُسَوَّدَة
عَنْ هٰذا النَّصّ
Ḥāshiyat al-Bājūrī ʿalā al-Sullam حاشِيَةُ الباجُورِيِّ عَلَى السُّلَّمِ
Ibrāhīm al-Bājūrī (d. 1276/1860)
- النَّصّ
- العَرَبِيَّة: المَقاطِعُ المَنْقُولَةُ فِي الدُّرُوس، نَقَلَها The Mantiqi مِنْ هٰذِهِ الطَّبْعَة (وَلا يُنْقَلُ النَّصُّ كُلُّه): Ḥāshiyat al-Bājūrī ʿalā matn al-Sullam, with al-Anbābī's taqrīr in the margin, al-Maṭbaʿa al-Azhariyya al-Miṣriyya (2nd printing), Cairo 1324/1906, pp. 26–112 (passages) اعْرِضِ الصُّورَة
- تَتْبَعُ الدُّرُوس
- الدُّرُوسُ شَرْحُ The Mantiqi الخاصُّ لِلسُّلَّمِ بَيْتًا بَيْتًا، عَلَى أَثَرِ Ibrāhīm al-Bājūrī؛ وَيُنْقَلُ كَلامُهُ حَيْثُ يَكُونُ أَهَمّ.
- التَّرْجَمَة
- مِنْ عَمَلِ The Mantiqi؛ مُسَوَّدَة.
- المُراجَعَة
- مُسَوَّدَة، بِانْتِظارِ مُراجَعَةِ Ustadh Muhammad Yusuf.
بِكَلامِ Ibrāhīm al-Bājūrī
تَحْتاجُ لُغَةً أُخْرَى؟ «تَرْجَمَةُ Google» تَفْتَحُ المَقْطَعَ فِي التَّرْجَمَةِ الآلِيَّةِ مِنْ Google — مُفِيدَةٌ لِفِكْرَةٍ أُولَى، لٰكِنَّنا لَمْ نُراجِعْها. أَوِ انْسَخِ النَّصَّ إِلَى مُتَرْجِمٍ تَخْتارُه.
مَنْقُولٌ مِنَ النَّصِّ بِاللُّغَةِ العَرَبِيَّة فِي Ḥāshiyat al-Bājūrī ʿalā matn al-Sullam, with al-Anbābī's taqrīr in the margin, Cairo 1324/1906
(قَوْلُهُ ما احْتَمَلَ إِلَخْ) ما واقِعَةٌ عَلَى اللَّفْظِ الشّامِلِ لِجَمِيعِ الأَلْفاظِ، فَهِيَ جِنْسٌ، وَخَرَجَ بِقَوْلِهِ احْتَمَلَ الصِّدْقَ ما لَمْ يَحْتَمِلْهُ كَزَيْدٍ وَعَمْرٍو وَكَغُلامِ زَيْدٍ، وَبِقَوْلِهِ لِذاتِهِ ما احْتَمَلَهُ لا لِذاتِهِ بَلْ لِلازِمِهِ كَالإِنْشاءاتِ مِنَ الأَمْرِ وَالنَّهْيِ وَغَيْرِهِما، فَإِنَّ قَوْلَكَ: اسْقِنِي مَثَلًا وَإِنِ احْتَمَلَ الصِّدْقَ لٰكِنْ لا لِذاتِهِ، بَلْ لِما اسْتَلْزَمَهُ مِنْ قَوْلِكَ: أَنا طالِبٌ لِلسَّقْيِ مِنْكَ.
(His words “what admits …”): “what” applies to the utterance, covering all utterances, so it is the genus. “Admits truth” leaves out what does not admit it, like “Zayd”, “ʿAmr” or “Zayd's servant”; and “of itself” leaves out what admits it not of itself but through what it implies, like performatives — commands, prohibitions and the like. “Give me to drink”, for instance, though it admits truth, does so not of itself but through what it implies: “I ask you for a drink.”
ص 66
وَدَخَلَ بِهٰذا القَيْدِ ما قُطِعَ بِصِدْقِهِ أَوْ بِكَذِبِهِ؛ فَالأَوَّلُ أَخْبارُ اللهِ وَأَخْبارُ رُسُلِهِ وَالأَخْبارُ المَعْلُومُ صِدْقُها بِضَرُورَةِ العَقْلِ نَحْوُ: الواحِدُ نِصْفُ الاثْنَيْنِ، وَالثّانِي كَأَخْبارِ مُسَيْلِمَةَ الكَذّابِ فِي دَعْواهُ النُّبُوَّةَ.
And this restriction lets in what is known for certain to be true or false: the first are the reports of God and of His messengers, and reports whose truth reason knows immediately, like “One is half of two”; the second are like the reports of Musaylima the Liar in his claim to prophethood.
ص 66
الدَّرْس
The Sullam defines the as “what admits truth of itself”. Al-Bājūrī reads the word by word. “What” refers to the and is the . “Admits truth” leaves out single words like “Zayd” and phrases like “Zayd's servant”, which are neither true nor false.
“Of itself” leaves out performatives — commands, prohibitions and the like — which admit truth only through something they imply: “Give me to drink” implies “I ask you for a drink”, which can be true or false, but the command itself is neither.
The same restriction lets in reports known for certain to be true or false. A report of God or of His messengers, or a truth of reason like “one is half of two”, cannot be false; the claims of Musaylima the Liar cannot be true. Yet each admits truth and falsehood of itself, as a sentence; what settles it is something outside the sentence.
المُصْطَلَحات
- القَضِيَّةُ al-qaḍiyya
- proposition: what admits truth of itself
- الإِنْشاءُ al-inshāʾ
- performative speech: commands, prohibitions, questions
- لِذاتِهِ li-dhātihi
- of itself, not through what it implies
الأَمْثِلَة
اسْقِنِي
“Give me to drink”: admits truth only through “I ask you for a drink”, not of itself
اخْتَبِرْ نَفْسَك
عَدَدُ الأَسْئِلَةِ عَلَى هٰذا الدَّرْسِ 3. بِسِتَّةٍ مِنْ عَشَرَةٍ فَأَكْثَرَ (نَجْمَتَيْن) يُفْتَحُ الدَّرْسُ التّالِي.
السؤال 1
Which part of the definition leaves out “Zayd's servant”?
“Admits truth” leaves out what does not admit it, like “Zayd”, “ʿAmr” or “Zayd's servant”.
السؤال 2
Why is “Give me to drink” not a proposition?
It admits truth only through “I ask you for a drink”, which it implies; so “of itself” leaves it out.
السؤال 3
Is “one is half of two” a proposition, though it cannot be false?
“This restriction lets in what is known for certain to be true or false”: such sentences admit truth and falsehood of themselves.
الدَّرْسُ التّالِي: Contradiction
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