Ana sayfa / al-Sullam al-munawraq / Ders 12 / 18
Kilitli
The syllogism and its premises
al-Sullam al-munawraq kitabına dönKuzey Afrika yolu · 1. seviye · al-Sullam al-munawraq · Ders 12 / 18
The syllogism and its premises
The syllogism · al-qiyās · s. 26–27
الْقِيَاسُ
Taslak · inceleme bekliyor
Jakarta 1434/2013 baskısına göre Arapça metin · çeviri The Mantiqi, taslak
Bu metin hakkında
al-Sullam al-munawraq السُّلَّمُ الْمُنَوْرَقُ
ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Akhḍarī (d. 983/1575)
- Metin
- Arapça, The Mantiqi tarafından bu baskıdan aktarıldı: Mutūn al-manṭiq wa-l-ḥikma: Īsāghūjī wa-l-Sullam al-munawraq, Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmiyya, Jakarta 1434/2013, pp. 20–32 Taramayı gör
- Derslerin takip ettiği
- Dersler, The Mantiqi'nin metnin kendisini bölüm bölüm izleyen açıklamalarıdır.
- Çeviri
- The Mantiqi'nin kendi çevirisi; taslak.
- İnceleme
- Taslak, Ustadh Muhammad Yusuf tarafından incelenmeyi bekliyor.
Metin
Başka bir dil mi lazım? “Google Çeviri” bir pasajı Google'ın makine çevirisinde açar — ilk fikir için kullanışlı, ama bizim tarafımızdan kontrol edilmemiştir. Ya da metni dilediğin bir çevirmene kopyala.
Arapça asıl metin, Mutūn al-manṭiq wa-l-ḥikma: Īsāghūjī wa-l-Sullam al-munawraq, Jakarta 1434/2013
إِنَّ الْقِيَاسَ مِنْ قَضَايَا صُوِّرَامُسْتَلْزِمًا بِالذَّاتِ قَوْلًا آخَرَا
ثُمَّ الْقِيَاسُ عِنْدَهُمْ قِسْمَانِفَمِنْهُ مَا يُدْعَى بِالِاقْتِرَانِي
وَهْوَ الَّذِي دَلَّ عَلَى النَّتِيجَةِبِقُوَّةٍ وَاخْتَصَّ بِالْحَمْلِيَّةِ
The syllogism is composed of propositions and entails of itself another statement. The syllogism, among them, is of two kinds: one is called conjunctive, which points to the conclusion potentially and is limited to categoricals.
Google Çeviri ↗s. 26
فَإِنْ تُرِدْ تَرْكِيبَهُ فَرَكِّبَامُقَدِّمَاتِهِ عَلَى مَا وَجَبَا
وَرَتِّبِ الْمُقَدِّمَاتِ وَانْظُرَاصَحِيحَهَا مِنْ فَاسِدٍ مُخْتَبِرَا
فَإِنَّ لَازِمَ الْمُقَدِّمَاتِبِحَسَبِ الْمُقَدِّمَاتِ آتِ
If you want to build it, put together its premises as is required: order the premises and look, testing the sound from the unsound, for what follows from the premises comes according to the premises.
Google Çeviri ↗s. 26–27
وَمَا مِنَ الْمُقَدِّمَاتِ صُغْرَىفَيَجِبُ انْدِرَاجُهَا فِي الْكُبْرَى
وَذَاتُ حَدٍّ أَصْغَرٍ صُغْرَاهُمَاوَذَاتُ حَدٍّ أَكْبَرٍ كُبْرَاهُمَا
وَأَصْغَرٌ فَذَاكَ ذُو انْدِرَاجِوَوَسَطٌ يُلْغَى لَدَى الْإِنْتَاجِ
The premise that is the minor must fall under the major. The one with the minor term is the minor of the two, and the one with the major term the major; the minor term is the one that falls under, and the middle term is dropped in the conclusion.
Google Çeviri ↗s. 27
Ders
A is composed of and entails of itself another statement. It is (iqtirānī) or (istithnāʾī). The conjunctive points to the only potentially — the conclusion is not stated in it — and is the one built of .
To build one, order the and test them: a is only as good as its premises. The must fall under the . The premise with the (aṣghar) is the minor, the one with the (akbar) the major; the minor term is the one that falls under, and the (wasaṭ), shared by both premises, is dropped in the conclusion.
Terimler
- الْقِيَاسُ al-qiyās
- syllogism
- الِاقْتِرَانِيُّ al-iqtirānī
- conjunctive: the conclusion is in it potentially
- الصُّغْرَى / الْكُبْرَى al-ṣughrā / al-kubrā
- minor / major premise
- الْأَصْغَرُ / الْأَكْبَرُ al-aṣghar / al-akbar
- minor / major term
- الْحَدُّ الْوَسَطُ al-ḥadd al-wasaṭ
- middle term: dropped in the conclusion
Örnekler
كُلُّ إِنْسَانٍ حَيَوَانٌ وَكُلُّ حَيَوَانٍ جِسْمٌ فَكُلُّ إِنْسَانٍ جِسْمٌ
man is the minor term, body the major, animal the middle
Kendini sına
Bu ders üzerine 3 soru. 10 üzerinden 6 veya daha fazlasıyla (iki yıldız) sonraki ders açılır.
Soru 1
What happens to the middle term in the conclusion?
“The middle term is dropped in the conclusion.”
Soru 2
The conjunctive syllogism points to the conclusion…
It points to the conclusion potentially; the exceptive does so in actuality.
Soru 3
Why must the premises be tested?
What follows from the premises comes according to the premises.
Sıradaki ders: The four figures
Devam et →