Home / Indiaas pad · level 3 / Les 1 van 16

Op slot

The opening: knowledge, the need for logic and its subject

Voorproefje

Een blik op les 1 van level 3. Level 3 gaat open na level 2; tot die tijd kun je deze les lezen, maar de toets en de weg verder blijven dicht.

Begin: De Ṣughrā en Kubrā van al-Jurjānī Alle levels

Indiaas pad · level 3 · Tahdhīb al-manṭiq · Les 1 van 16

Concept · nog niet nagekeken

The opening: knowledge, the need for logic and its subject

Inleiding

المُقَدِّمَة

Tekst in het Arabisch naar de druk van Cairo 1330/1912 · vertaling door The Mantiqi, concept

Over deze tekst

Tahdhīb al-manṭiq تَهْذِيبُ المَنْطِقِ

Saʿd al-Dīn al-Taftāzānī (d. 792/1390)

Tekst: Arabisch: Matn Tahdhīb al-manṭiq wa-l-kalām (the logic part; the notes on the kalām part not reproduced), with notes collected by ʿAbd al-Qādir Maʿrūf al-Kurdī al-Sanandajī; vowel marks added by The Mantiqi (draft); two misprints corrected to the usual reading (p. 6 yalzamu taṣawwuruhu min taṣawwuri l-malzūm for the print's yalzamu min taṣawwurihi taṣawwuru l-malzūm; p. 13 al-fiṭriyyāt for al-naẓariyyāt), Maṭbaʿat al-Saʿāda, Cairo 1330/1912 Bekijk de scan
Vertaling: Van The Mantiqi zelf; een concept.
Controle: Concept, wacht op controle door Ustadh Muhammad Yusuf.

De tekst Saʿd al-Dīn al-Taftāzānī

Vertaling voorlopig in het Engels.

الحَمْدُ لِلّٰهِ الَّذِي هَدانا سَواءَ الطَّرِيقِ، وَجَعَلَ لَنا التَّوْفِيقَ خَيْرَ رَفِيقٍ، وَالصَّلاةُ وَالسَّلامُ عَلَى مَنْ أَرْسَلَهُ هُدًى هُوَ بِالاهْتِداءِ حَقِيقٌ، وَنُورًا بِهِ الاقْتِداءُ يَلِيقُ، وَعَلَى آلِهِ وَأَصْحابِهِ الَّذِينَ سَعِدُوا فِي مَناهِجِ الصِّدْقِ بِالتَّصْدِيقِ، وَصَعِدُوا فِي مَعارِجِ الحَقِّ بِالتَّحْقِيقِ. وَبَعْدُ: فَهٰذا غايَةُ تَهْذِيبِ الكَلامِ فِي تَحْرِيرِ المَنْطِقِ وَالكَلامِ، وَتَقْرِيبِ المَرامِ مِنْ تَقْرِيرِ عَقائِدِ الإِسْلامِ، جَعَلْتُهُ تَبْصِرَةً لَدَى الأَفْهامِ، وَتَذْكِرَةً لِمَنْ أَرادَ أَنْ يَتَذَكَّرَ مِنْ ذَوِي الأَفْهامِ، سِيَّما الوَلَدُ الأَعَزُّ الحَفِيُّ الحَرِيُّ بِالإِكْرامِ، سَمِيُّ حَبِيبِ اللهِ عَلَيْهِ التَّحِيَّةُ وَالسَّلامُ، لا زالَ لَهُ مِنَ التَّوْفِيقِ قِوامٌ، وَمِنَ التَّأْيِيدِ عِصامٌ، وَعَلَى اللهِ التَّوَكُّلُ وَبِهِ الاعْتِصامُ.

Praise be to God, who guided us to the straight path and made success (tawfīq) the best of companions for us. Blessing and peace be upon him whom He sent as a guidance truly worthy of being followed and as a light in which it is fitting to follow, and upon his family and his companions, who were made happy on the highways of truthfulness by their (taṣdīq) and rose on the stairs of the truth by verification (taḥqīq). To proceed: this is the utmost refinement of speech (tahdhīb al-kalām) in setting out and kalām, and in bringing within reach what is sought in establishing the creeds of Islam. I have made it an insight for minds, and a reminder for those of understanding who wish to take heed — above all for my dearest son, kind and worthy of honour, who bears the name of the Beloved of God, upon him be greeting and peace. May success never cease to be his support, and divine aid his protection. In God is our trust, and in Him we hold fast.

Tahdhīb al-manṭiq · p. 3

القِسْمُ الأَوَّلُ فِي المَنْطِقِ: مُقَدِّمَةٌ

العِلْمُ إِنْ كانَ إِذْعانًا لِلنِّسْبَةِ فَتَصْدِيقٌ، وَإِلّا فَتَصَوُّرٌ، وَيَنْقَسِمانِ بِالضَّرُورَةِ إِلَى الضَّرُورَةِ وَالاكْتِسابِ بِالنَّظَرِ، وَهُوَ مُلاحَظَةُ المَعْقُولِ لِتَحْصِيلِ المَجْهُولِ، وَقَدْ يَقَعُ فِيهِ الخَطَأُ، فَاحْتِيجَ إِلَى قانُونٍ يَعْصِمُ عَنْهُ، وَهُوَ المَنْطِقُ.

, if it is a yielding (idhʿān) to a relation, is (taṣdīq); otherwise it is (taṣawwur). Both divide, self-evidently, into the (ḍarūra) and what is by (naẓar). Reflection is attending to what is known in order to gain what is unknown, and error sometimes occurs in it; so a rule (qānūn) was needed that protects from it, and that is .

Tahdhīb al-manṭiq · p. 4

وَمَوْضُوعُهُ المَعْلُومُ التَّصَوُّرِيُّ وَالتَّصْدِيقِيُّ، مِنْ حَيْثُ يُوصِلُ إِلَى مَطْلُوبٍ تَصَوُّرِيٍّ فَيُسَمَّى مُعَرِّفًا، أَوْ تَصْدِيقِيٍّ فَيُسَمَّى حُجَّةً.

Its matter is the known, conceptual and assentive, insofar as it leads to something sought: to something conceptual, and then it is called a definer (muʿarrif), or to something assentive, and then it is called an (ḥujja).

Tahdhīb al-manṭiq · p. 4

Test jezelf

3 vragen over wat het commentaar uitlegt. Met 6 van de 10 of meer (twee sterren) gaat de volgende les open.

Vraag 1
According to the Tahdhīb, what makes a piece of knowledge an assent (taṣdīq) rather than a conception (taṣawwur)?
Vraag 2
How does the Tahdhīb define reflection (naẓar)?
Vraag 3
What is the subject matter of logic, and what are its two products called?

Volgende les: Signification and the kinds of utterance

Verder →