خانه / Ḥāshiyat al-Bājūrī ʿalā al-Sullam / درس 18 از 18
قفل
Errors in proof
بازگشت به Ḥāshiyat al-Bājūrī ʿalā al-Sullamمسیر مغربی · سطح 2 · Ḥāshiyat al-Bājūrī ʿalā al-Sullam · درس 18 از 18
Errors in proof
Proof and conclusion · al-khaṭaʾ fī l-burhān · ص 112
الخَطَأُ فِي البُرْهانِ
پیش‌نویس · در انتظار بازبینی
درس‌های خود ما با نقل‌هایی از چاپ Cairo 1324/1906 · ترجمهٔ The Mantiqi، پیش‌نویس
دربارهٔ این متن
Ḥāshiyat al-Bājūrī ʿalā al-Sullam حاشِيَةُ الباجُورِيِّ عَلَى السُّلَّمِ
Ibrāhīm al-Bājūrī (d. 1276/1860)
- متن
- عربی: بخش‌هایی که در درس‌ها نقل شده، رونویسی The Mantiqi از این چاپ (همهٔ متن نقل نمی‌شود): Ḥāshiyat al-Bājūrī ʿalā matn al-Sullam, with al-Anbābī's taqrīr in the margin, al-Maṭbaʿa al-Azhariyya al-Miṣriyya (2nd printing), Cairo 1324/1906, pp. 26–112 (passages) دیدن تصویر اسکن
- درس‌ها دنبال می‌کنند
- درس‌ها توضیح خود The Mantiqi بر سلم است، بیت به بیت، به پیروی از Ibrāhīm al-Bājūrī؛ سخنانش هر جا مهم‌تر است نقل می‌شود.
- ترجمه
- کار خود The Mantiqi؛ پیش‌نویس.
- بازبینی
- پیش‌نویس، در انتظار بازبینی Ustadh Muhammad Yusuf.
به سخن Ibrāhīm al-Bājūrī
زبان دیگری لازم داری؟ «Google Translate» بخشی از متن را در ترجمهٔ ماشینی گوگل باز می‌کند — برای برداشت نخست سودمند است، اما ما آن را بازبینی نکرده‌ایم. یا متن را در مترجم دلخواهت رونوشت کن.
نقل‌شده از متن عربی Ḥāshiyat al-Bājūrī ʿalā matn al-Sullam, with al-Anbābī's taqrīr in the margin, Cairo 1324/1906
(قَوْلُهُ فِي مادَّةٍ أَوْ صُورَةٍ إِلَخْ) مُلَخَّصُهُ أَنَّهُ قَسَمَ الخَطَأَ إِلَى قِسْمَيْنِ: خَطَإٍ فِي المادَّةِ وَخَطَإٍ فِي الصُّورَةِ، ثُمَّ قَسَمَ القِسْمَ الأَوَّلَ إِلَى قِسْمَيْنِ: خَطَإٍ فِي اللَّفْظِ وَخَطَإٍ فِي المَعْنَى، وَالمُرادُ بِالمادَّةِ مَجْمُوعُ المُقَدِّمَتَيْنِ بِاعْتِبارِ اللَّفْظِ أَوِ المَعْنَى … وَالمُرادُ بِالصُّورَةِ النَّظْمُ وَالهَيْئَةُ.
(His words “in the matter or the form …”): in short, he divides error into two kinds, error in the matter and error in the form, and then divides the first into error in the wording and error in the meaning. By “matter” is meant the two premises together, with regard to their wording or their meaning … and by “form”, their arrangement and shape.
Google Translate ↗ص 112
درس
The Sullam closes its with the errors of proof: an error may lie in the matter or in the form. Al-Bājūrī sums up its division: error in the matter is in the wording or in the meaning; error in the form is in the arrangement.
By “matter” he means the two together, with regard to their wording or their meaning; by “form”, their arrangement and shape. An error in the wording is, for instance, using a homonym in two senses, or a word with a figurative sense taken literally; an error in the meaning is taking a false premise as true, or the itself as a premise.
An error in the form is an that is not in a valid mood, like a in the first with a . With this the poem's is complete; what follows in the Sullam is its close, the poet's apology for his youth and the date of writing, 941/1534.
اصطلاحات
- خَطَأُ المادَّةِ khaṭaʾ al-mādda
- error in the matter: in the premises
- خَطَأُ الصُّورَةِ khaṭaʾ al-ṣūra
- error in the form: in the arrangement
- الاشْتِراكُ al-ishtirāk
- homonymy: one word for two meanings
مثال‌ها
المادَّةُ مَجْمُوعُ المُقَدِّمَتَيْنِ وَالصُّورَةُ النَّظْمُ وَالهَيْئَةُ
the matter is the two premises; the form, their arrangement
خودت را بیازما
3 پرسش دربارهٔ این درس. با ۶ از ۱۰ یا بیشتر (دو ستاره) درس بعدی باز می‌شود.
پرسش 1
Into what does al-Bājūrī divide error in proof?
“He divides error into two kinds, error in the matter and error in the form.”
پرسش 2
What does he mean by “form” (ṣūra)?
“By form, their arrangement and shape.”
پرسش 3
Using one word in two senses in an argument is an error in…
Error in the matter divides into error in the wording, such as homonymy, and error in the meaning.
این آخرین درس Ḥāshiyat al-Bājūrī ʿalā al-Sullam بود.
همهٔ سطح‌ها