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Utterance اللَّفْظ
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Utterance
al-lafẓ
اللَّفْظ
In , an (lafẓ) is studied as a word or phrase that signifies a meaning by (waḍʿ).
Explanation
The is concerned with meanings, but meanings are taught and learned through words, so the opens with how signify.
An signifies its meaning in one of three ways: by , by , or by .
Also written as: lafz, lafdh, al-lafẓ al-dāll bi-l-waḍʿ.
In the text
إِيسَاغُوجِي: اللَّفْظُ الدَّالُّ يَدُلُّ عَلَى مَا وُضِعَ لَهُ بِالْمُطَابَقَةِ، وَعَلَى جُزْئِهِ بِالتَّضَمُّنِ إِنْ كَانَ لَهُ جُزْءٌ، وَعَلَى مَا يُلَازِمُهُ فِي الذِّهْنِ بِالِالْتِزَامِ،Īsāghūjī (Introduction): a signifying utterance signifies what it was coined for by correspondence, a part of that if it has a part by inclusion, and what accompanies it in the mind by implication,Examples
- الإِنْسَان“human”, which by convention signifies a rational animal
Related terms
Practise
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Question 1
In logic, how is an utterance (lafẓ) studied?
اللَّفْظ
The studies as words or phrases that signify meanings by , because meanings are learned through words.
Question 2
The word “horse” signifies a certain animal. By what does it signify it, in the sense the logician studies?
فَرَس
An in signifies its meaning by : it was coined for that meaning.
Question 3
According to the Īsāghūjī, in which ways does an utterance signify its meaning?
The names three ways: , and .
Next: Signification by correspondence دَلَالَةُ المُطَابَقَة
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