The Mantiqi

ابحث بالعربية أو بالنقل الحرفي، بالتشكيل أو بدونه.

    الإِعْدادات

    النقل الحرفي
    الحركات (التَّشْكِيل)
    التاريخ الهجري أولًا
    الوَضْعُ الدّاكِن
    الخَطُّ العَرَبِيّ

    اللغة

    الترجمات مسوّدات، مثل النصّ الإنجليزي، حتى يراجعها مُعَلِّم.

    الرئيسية / al-Sullam al-munawraq / الدَّرْسُ 1 مِنْ 18

    مُقْفَل

    The opening: what logic is for

    العَوْدَةُ إِلَى al-Sullam al-munawraq

    المَسارُ المَغارِبِيّ · المُسْتَوَى 1 · al-Sullam al-munawraq · الدَّرْسُ 1 مِنْ 18

    The opening: what logic is for

    Introduction · al-muqaddima · ص 20–21

    الْمُقَدِّمَةُ

    مسوّدة · بانتظار المراجعة

    النَّصُّ بِاللُّغَةِ العَرَبِيَّة عَلَى طَبْعَةِ Jakarta 1434/2013 · تَرْجَمَةُ The Mantiqi، مُسَوَّدَة

    عَنْ هٰذا النَّصّ

    al-Sullam al-munawraq السُّلَّمُ الْمُنَوْرَقُ

    ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Akhḍarī (d. 983/1575)

    النَّصّ
    العَرَبِيَّة, نَقَلَهُ The Mantiqi مِنْ هٰذِهِ الطَّبْعَة: Mutūn al-manṭiq wa-l-ḥikma: Īsāghūjī wa-l-Sullam al-munawraq, Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmiyya, Jakarta 1434/2013, pp. 20–32 اعْرِضِ الصُّورَة
    تَتْبَعُ الدُّرُوس
    الدُّرُوسُ شَرْحُ The Mantiqi الخاصُّ، فَصْلًا فَصْلًا مِنَ النَّصِّ نَفْسِه.
    التَّرْجَمَة
    مِنْ عَمَلِ The Mantiqi؛ مُسَوَّدَة.
    المُراجَعَة
    مُسَوَّدَة، بِانْتِظارِ مُراجَعَةِ Ustadh Muhammad Yusuf.

    النَّصّ

    تَحْتاجُ لُغَةً أُخْرَى؟ «تَرْجَمَةُ Google» تَفْتَحُ المَقْطَعَ فِي التَّرْجَمَةِ الآلِيَّةِ مِنْ Google — مُفِيدَةٌ لِفِكْرَةٍ أُولَى، لٰكِنَّنا لَمْ نُراجِعْها. أَوِ انْسَخِ النَّصَّ إِلَى مُتَرْجِمٍ تَخْتارُه.

    اقْرَإِ النَّصَّ كامِلًا بِاللُّغَةِ العَرَبِيَّة →

    الأَصْلُ بِاللُّغَةِ العَرَبِيَّة، Mutūn al-manṭiq wa-l-ḥikma: Īsāghūjī wa-l-Sullam al-munawraq, Jakarta 1434/2013

    الْحَمْدُ لِلّٰهِ الَّذِي قَدْ أَخْرَجَانَتَائِجَ الْفِكْرِ لِأَرْبَابِ الْحِجَا

    وَحَطَّ عَنْهُمْ مِنْ سَمَاءِ الْعَقْلِكُلَّ حِجَابٍ مِنْ سَحَابِ الْجَهْلِ

    حَتَّى بَدَتْ لَهُمْ شُمُوسُ الْمَعْرِفَهْرَأَوْا مُخَدَّرَاتِهَا مُنْكَشِفَهْ

    Praise be to God, who has brought forth the results of thought for people of understanding, and has removed from them, from the sky of the intellect, every veil of the clouds of ignorance, until the suns of knowledge appeared to them and they saw its hidden brides unveiled.

    ص 20

    نَحْمَدُهُ جَلَّ عَلَى الْإِنْعَامِبِنِعْمَةِ الْإِيمَانِ وَالْإِسْلَامِ

    مَنْ خَصَّنَا بِخَيْرِ مَنْ قَدْ أُرْسِلَاوَخَيْرِ مَنْ حَازَ الْمَقَامَاتِ الْعُلَا

    مُحَمَّدٍ سَيِّدِ كُلِّ مُقْتَفَىالْعَرَبِيِّ الْهَاشِمِيِّ الْمُصْطَفَى

    صَلَّى عَلَيْهِ اللّٰهُ مَا دَامَ الْحِجَايَخُوضُ مِنْ بَحْرِ الْمَعَانِي لُجَجَا

    وَآلِهِ وَصَحْبِهِ ذَوِي الْهُدَىمَنْ شُبِّهُوا بِأَنْجُمٍ فِي الِاهْتِدَا

    We praise Him, exalted is He, for His favour — the gift of faith and of Islam — who singled us out with the best of those ever sent, the best of those who attained the highest stations: Muḥammad, master of all who are followed, the Arab, the Hāshimī, the chosen one. May God bless him as long as the mind wades into the depths of the sea of meanings, and his family and companions, people of guidance, who were likened to stars to be guided by.

    ص 20

    وَبَعْدُ فَالْمَنْطِقُ لِلْجَنَانِنِسْبَتُهُ كَالنَّحْوِ لِلِّسَانِ

    فَيَعْصِمُ الْأَفْكَارَ عَنْ غَيِّ الْخَطَاوَعَنْ دَقِيقِ الْفَهْمِ يَكْشِفُ الْغِطَا

    فَهَاكَ مِنْ أُصُولِهِ قَوَاعِدَاتَجْمَعُ مِنْ فُنُونِهِ فَوَائِدَا

    Now then: logic is to the mind what grammar is to the tongue. It guards thought against the error of mistakes and lifts the veil from subtle understanding. So here are rules from its foundations, gathering benefits from its branches.

    ص 21

    سَمَّيْتُهُ بِالسُّلَّمِ الْمُنَوْرَقِيُرْقَى بِهِ سَمَاءُ عِلْمِ الْمَنْطِقِ

    وَاللّٰهَ أَرْجُو أَنْ يَكُونَ خَالِصَالِوَجْهِهِ الْكَرِيمِ لَيْسَ قَالِصَا

    وَأَنْ يَكُونَ نَافِعًا لِلْمُبْتَدِيبِهِ إِلَى الْمُطَوَّلَاتِ يَهْتَدِي

    I have named it al-Sullam al-munawraq, the Embellished Ladder, by which one climbs to the sky of the science of logic. I hope from God that it will be purely for His noble face, not falling short, and that it will benefit the beginner, so that by it he finds his way to the longer works.

    ص 21

    الدَّرْس

    The Sullam is a poem in rajaz metre of 144 verses, written in 941/1534 by ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Akhḍarī of Biskra in present-day Algeria, when he was twenty-one. It is the first text of the North-African madrasas, from al-Azhar to al-Qarawiyyīn and al-Zaytūna, and of the Mauritanian maḥāḍir, where it is learnt by heart. Its plan is that of al-Abharī's : , then and the , then the kinds of proof.

    The opening praises God for bringing forth “the results of thought”: the word for result, natīja, is also the 's word for a , and the poem plays on it. Then comes the famous comparison: logic is to the mind what grammar is to the tongue. Grammar keeps speech from error; logic keeps thought from error, and opens what is hard to understand.

    Al-Akhḍarī calls his poem “the embellished ladder” (al-sullam al-munawraq), by which one climbs to the sky of , and hopes it will lead the beginner on to the longer works. That is its place in the madrasa: a short text to memorise, then read again with its .

    المُصْطَلَحات

    الْمَنْطِقُ al-manṭiq
    logic: to the mind what grammar is to the tongue
    النَّتَائِجُ al-natāʾij
    results; in logic, conclusions
    الرَّجَزُ al-rajaz
    the metre of teaching poems
    الْمُطَوَّلَاتُ al-muṭawwalāt
    the longer works, read after the short texts

    الأَمْثِلَة

    • فَالْمَنْطِقُ لِلْجَنَانِ نِسْبَتُهُ كَالنَّحْوِ لِلِّسَانِ

      logic is to the mind as grammar is to the tongue

    اخْتَبِرْ نَفْسَك

    عَدَدُ الأَسْئِلَةِ عَلَى هٰذا الدَّرْسِ 3. بِسِتَّةٍ مِنْ عَشَرَةٍ فَأَكْثَرَ (نَجْمَتَيْن) يُفْتَحُ الدَّرْسُ التّالِي.

    1. السؤال 1

      To what does al-Akhḍarī compare logic?

    2. السؤال 2

      What does the title al-Sullam al-munawraq mean?

    3. السؤال 3

      What does the poet hope the poem will do for the beginner?

    الدَّرْسُ التّالِي: May one study logic?

    تابِع ←