Miʿyār al-ʿilm

The Standard of Knowledge was written around 1095 alongside the Tahāfut al-falāsifa, to teach the philosophers' logic so that they could be answered in their own terms. It has four books: the premises of the syllogism (terms and propositions), the syllogism, definitions (with a list of terms from the sciences), and the categories and basic concepts of existence. Its source is Ibn Sīnā's logic, and it concentrates on the formal parts while largely leaving out the other arts of the Organon; its examples are often legal and theological, and it argues that logic is a method for kalām and fiqh as well. It is a turning point in the acceptance of logic in the religious sciences.

Draft · awaiting review by a qualified teacher