Indian path · level 3 · Tahdhīb al-manṭiq · Lesson 15 of 16
15
Conditional and repetitive syllogisms, induction and analogy
Syllogism
القِيَاس
Arabic text after the print of Cairo 1330/1912 · translation by The Mantiqi, draft
About this text
Tahdhīb al-manṭiq تَهْذِيبُ المَنْطِقِ
Saʿd al-Dīn al-Taftāzānī (d. 792/1390)
Text
Arabic: Matn Tahdhīb al-manṭiq wa-l-kalām (the logic part; the notes on the kalām part not reproduced), with notes collected by ʿAbd al-Qādir Maʿrūf al-Kurdī al-Sanandajī; vowel marks added by The Mantiqi (draft); two misprints corrected to the usual reading (p. 6 yalzamu taṣawwuruhu min taṣawwuri l-malzūm for the print's yalzamu min taṣawwurihi taṣawwuru l-malzūm; p. 13 al-fiṭriyyāt for al-naẓariyyāt), Maṭbaʿat al-Saʿāda, Cairo 1330/1912 View the scan
The among the syllogisms is composed of two , or two , or of a and a connective, or a categorical and a disjunctive, or a connective and a disjunctive. The four arise in it, and setting them out in detail would be long.
The repetitive yields, from the , the affirming of the and the denying of the ; from the real , affirming either, as in the one that bars joining, and denying it, as in the one that bars lacking both.
The name “reductio syllogism” (qiyās al-khulf) is sometimes reserved for one meant to prove what is sought by refuting its ; it comes down to a repetitive and a .
(istiqrāʾ) is going through the to establish a judgement. (tamthīl) is showing that one particular shares with another the cause of the judgement, so that the judgement holds of it; the mainstay of its method is concomitance (dawarān) and sifting (tardīd).