al-Sullam al-munawraq

Rajaz poem of 144 lines (143 in some counts; Brockelmann and a Leipzig record say 94) in 17 headed sections, composed at the beginning of Muḥarram 941/July 1534 when the author was 21, as the closing lines state. Manuscripts listed by Brockelmann include Berlin 5191, Gotha 1198–1201, British Museum and Algiers; WAAMD notes 20 copies in one West African survey; a copy dated Muḥarram 1231/December 1815 is at the Surau Simaung, Sijunjung (West Sumatra, DREAMSEA), and four copies at Dayah Tanoh Abee, Aceh (Fanani). The spelling munawraq/murawnaq varies by region.

Editions

• Būlāq 1241/1825–26, in Majmūʿ muhimmāt al-mutūn (GAL)
• Cairo 1280, 1281, 1295 (GAL)
• Fez 1317, in a majmūʿ (GAL)
• Cairo: Muṣṭafā al-Bābī al-Ḥalabī, at the end of al-Akhḍarī’s commentary (fully vocalised, 144 lines)
• Jakarta: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmiyya, 1434/2013, in Mutūn al-manṭiq wa-l-ḥikma: Īsāghūjī wa-l-Sullam al-munawraq, ed. ʿAlawī al-Saqqāf (the edition used on The Mantiqi for the Īsāghūjī)
• ed. Muḥammad Saʿīd al-Buḥayrī (scan on archive.org)
• OpenITI digital text 0953Akhdari.SullamMurawnaq

Sources

• Brockelmann, GAL Supplement II (1938), pp. 705–706 (archive.org scan)
• Sharḥ al-Akhḍarī ʿalā Sullamih, with the vocalised poem, after the Ḥalabī edition (PDF)
• West African Arabic Manuscript Database (WAAMD), record 42658
• DREAMSEA DS 0043 00017 (Surau Simaung, 1231/1815)
• A. Fanani and M. S. A. Widigdo, ‘The Art of Logic in Muslim Scholarship’, Afkar 24/2 (2022)
• al-Sullam al-munawraq, ed. M. S. al-Buḥayrī (archive.org)
• OpenITI 0953Akhdari.SullamMurawnaq (archive.org)
• UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung thesis (2024): 144 lines, 17 sections

Written at the request of students, ‘for beginners like me’. Many manuscripts (Berlin 5192, Gotha 1202–4, Munich, Algiers, Rabat, Cairo: GAL). Brockelmann lists three glosses on it (Qaddūra, al-ʿAdawī, al-Bājūrī).

Editions

• Cairo: Muṣṭafā al-Bābī al-Ḥalabī (with the poem at the end)
• Indonesian prints in the margin of Īḍāḥ al-mubham (van Bruinessen)
• Damascus: Dār al-Farfūr, 1421/2001, after Īḍāḥ al-mubham, ed. ʿAbd al-Salām b. ʿAbd al-Hādī Shannār (184 pp.)
• Beirut: Dār Ibn Ḥazm, 2006, ed. Abū Bakr Belkacem Ḍayf al-Jazāʾirī, 154 pp. (Silsilat taḥqīq al-turāth al-Jazāʾirī)
• Diyarbakır: Sīdā, 2nd ed. 1435/2014, after Īḍāḥ al-mubham, with al-Bājūrī’s glosses, ed. Muḥammad Hādī al-Shamrakhī al-Mārdīnī (128 pp.)
• In Majmūʿ al-Sullam al-murawnaq (seven works)

Sources

• Sharḥ al-Akhḍarī ʿalā Sullamih, with the vocalised poem, after the Ḥalabī edition (PDF)
• Brockelmann, GAL Supplement II (1938), pp. 705–706 (archive.org scan)
• M. van Bruinessen, ‘Kitab kuning’, BKI 146 (1990)
• Īḍāḥ al-mubham … wa-yalīhi sharḥ al-Akhḍarī (Dār al-Farfūr, 2001), archive.org
• CiNii: al-Sullam al-murawniq, ed. Ḍayf (Dār Ibn Ḥazm, 2006)
• Īḍāḥ al-mubham … wa-yalīhi sharḥ al-Akhḍarī bi-ḥawāshī al-Bājūrī (Sīdā, 2014), archive.org
• Majmūʿ al-Sullam al-murawnaq fī ʿilm al-manṭiq (seven works), archive.org

Brockelmann classes it as a gloss on the author’s commentary but notes that the British Museum catalogue treats it as an independent commentary; prints call it a sharḥ.

Editions

• Būlāq 1285/1868; Cairo 1318/1900 (GAL)
• Fez lithograph in Majmūʿ arbaʿ kutub ʿalā al-Sullam
• In Majmūʿ al-Sullam al-murawnaq (seven works)
• ed. Muḥammad Hawwārī, MA thesis, Université Abou Bekr Belkaïd, Tlemcen, 2012

Sources

• Brockelmann, GAL Supplement II (1938), pp. 705–706 (archive.org scan)
• Majmūʿ arbaʿ kutub ʿalā al-Sullam al-murawnaq, Fez lithograph, archive.org
• Majmūʿ al-Sullam al-murawnaq fī ʿilm al-manṭiq (seven works), archive.org
• Sharḥ Qaddūra ʿalā naẓm al-Sullam, dirāsa wa-taḥqīq (Tlemcen MA thesis 2012), archive.org

Composed in Meknes in 1119/1707 (GAL: Br. Mus. 549, Algiers, Rabat).

Editions

• In Majmūʿ al-Sullam al-murawnaq (seven works)

Sources

• Brockelmann, GAL Supplement II (1938), pp. 705–706 (archive.org scan)
• Majmūʿ al-Sullam al-murawnaq fī ʿilm al-manṭiq (seven works), archive.org

Berlin 5193 (GAL). Region inferred from the author’s name and period.

Sources

• Brockelmann, GAL Supplement II (1938), pp. 705–706 (archive.org scan)

Berlin 5194 (GAL). Region not stated.

Sources

• Brockelmann, GAL Supplement II (1938), pp. 705–706 (archive.org scan)

Named by Dār al-Iftāʾ beside the small commentary; no edition and no manuscript explicitly identified as the large commentary was found.

Sources

• Dār al-Iftāʾ al-Miṣriyya, ‘al-Imām al-Mallawī’

Al-Mallawī wrote a large and a small commentary (Dār al-Iftāʾ); the small one, glossed by al-Ṣabbān, became an Azhar staple. Manuscripts of ‘Sharḥ al-Mallawī’ (size not always stated): Berlin 5196, Gotha 1206, Munich Cod. arab. 674 (110 ff., before 1205/1791), Paris 2403, Cairo, Calcutta (GAL); a copy dated 1216/1802 in KOHD; Riyadh, King Saud University (al-sharḥ al-ṣaghīr).

Editions

• Printed in the margin of al-Ṣabbān’s gloss: Būlāq 1285/1868 and later (see there)
• Cairo: Maṭbaʿat Muḥammad ʿAlī Ṣubayḥ, [1936] (Bibliotheca Alexandrina)
• Basis of the Azhar textbook Taysīr sharḥ al-Mallawī (2016–17)

Sources

• Dār al-Iftāʾ al-Miṣriyya, ‘al-Imām al-Mallawī’
• Brockelmann, GAL Supplement II (1938), pp. 705–706 (archive.org scan)
• BSB Cod. arab. 674
• KOHD Cod. arab. 2551o (al-Mullawī, Sharḥ al-Sullam), copied 1216/1802
• King Saud University manuscripts: Sharḥ al-Sullam al-ṣaghīr (al-Mallawī)
• Bibliotheca Alexandrina: Sharḥ al-Mallawī ʿalā al-Sullam (Ṣubayḥ, [1936]), archive.org

The best-known commentary (TDV). Manuscripts: Berlin 5198, St Petersburg, Leiden, Cairo, Beirut (GAL); Leipzig Cod. Ms. arab. 637; King Abdulaziz University 112; Dagestan copy of 1311/1894 by ʿAlī al-Ghumūqī (EAP957/1/15). In Indonesia the second most common logic text in van Bruinessen’s survey.

Editions

• Cairo: al-Maṭbaʿa al-Wahbiyya, 1293/1876
• Cairo: al-Maṭbaʿa al-Maymaniyya, 1308/1890
• Cairo: Muṣṭafā al-Bābī al-Ḥalabī
• Cairo: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Kutub al-ʿArabiyya, n.d.
• Beirut: Maktabat al-Maʿārif, 1996 (102 pp.), 2006
• Damascus: Dār al-Farfūr, 2001, ed. ʿAbd al-Salām Shannār
• Cairo: Dār al-Baṣāʾir, 2008, ed. Muṣṭafā Abū Zayd Maḥmūd al-Azharī (102 pp.); 3rd ed. 2013
• Diyarbakır: Sīdā, 2014, ed. Muḥammad Hādī al-Shamrakhī al-Mārdīnī
• Indonesian kitab-trade prints with al-Akhḍarī’s commentary in the margin

Sources

• M. Naci Bolay, ‘Ahdarî’, TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi 1 (1988)
• Brockelmann, GAL Supplement II (1938), pp. 705–706 (archive.org scan)
• Bibliotheca Alexandrina, 1293 print (archive.org)
• Bibliotheca Alexandrina, 1308 print (archive.org)
• Īḍāḥ al-mubham, Ḥalabī print (archive.org)
• Kwaretech catalogue: Īḍāḥ al-mubham, Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Kutub al-ʿArabiyya
• Goodreads: editions of Īḍāḥ al-mubham
• Dār al-Baṣāʾir 2008 (archive.org)
• Leipzig Cod. Ms. arab. 637
• Alukah: KAU manuscript 112
• British Library EAP957/1/15
• M. van Bruinessen, ‘Kitab kuning’, BKI 146 (1990)

The main Moroccan commentary; also listed in a Mauritanian maḥaẓra curriculum (Nabbāghiyya, 2008). The author’s identity differs between Brockelmann/the lithograph title and the Penn authority record.

Editions

• Fez lithographs 1300, 1313, 1315; Cairo 1318 (GAL)
• Fez lithograph in Majmūʿ arbaʿ kutub ʿalā al-Sullam
• Istanbul: Dār Taḥqīq al-Kitāb, 2023, ed. Māhir Muḥammad ʿAdnān ʿUthmān, with Qaṣṣāra’s gloss

Sources

• Brockelmann, GAL Supplement II (1938), pp. 705–706 (archive.org scan)
• Penn Libraries: Fez lithograph 1310/1893
• Majmūʿ arbaʿ kutub ʿalā al-Sullam al-murawnaq, Fez lithograph, archive.org
• Sharḥā al-Bājūrī wa-l-Bannānī ʿalā al-Sullam (Istanbul: Dār Taḥqīq al-Kitāb, 2023), archive.org
• Curriculum of Nabbaghiya’s mahdhara (2008)

Alternative title ʿAwn rabb al-ʿālamīn ʿalā sharḥ al-Sullam fī al-manṭiq li-l-muʿallimīn wa-l-mutaʿallimīn. Recorded in WAAMD; author names and dates as in WAAMD/ALA V.

Sources

• West African Arabic Manuscript Database (WAAMD), record 42658

Berlin 5201 (GAL).

Sources

• Brockelmann, GAL Supplement II (1938), pp. 705–706 (archive.org scan)

Berlin 5195 (GAL).

Sources

• Brockelmann, GAL Supplement II (1938), pp. 705–706 (archive.org scan)

A mixed (mamzūj) commentary by the later Shaykh al-Azhar (from 1250). Brockelmann dates the author ‘c. 1210/1795’. Some biographical works wrongly call it Īḍāḥ al-mubham. Common in Indonesia (van Bruinessen).

Editions

• Fez 1319, with marginal notes by al-Ḥaṭṭāb (Khaṭṭāb) b. ʿUmar (GAL)
• Cairo: Muṣṭafā al-Bābī al-Ḥalabī, 1352/1933
• In Majmūʿ al-Sullam al-murawnaq (seven works)
• Shamela digital text (with al-Ḥāzimī’s lessons)

Sources

• Brockelmann, GAL Supplement II (1938), pp. 705–706 (archive.org scan)
• Kwaretech catalogue: Sharḥ al-Quwaysinī (al-Ḥalabī, 1933)
• Tarājim: al-Quwaysinī
• Majmūʿ al-Sullam al-murawnaq fī ʿilm al-manṭiq (seven works), archive.org
• Shamela: Sharḥ al-Quwaysinī ʿalā al-Sullam
• M. van Bruinessen, ‘Kitab kuning’, BKI 146 (1990)

Recorded in WAAMD; author names and dates as in WAAMD/ALA V.

Sources

• West African Arabic Manuscript Database (WAAMD), record 42495

Usually printed with the poem in the margin and catalogued as a gloss on the matn; Brockelmann lists it among the glosses on al-Akhḍarī’s own commentary. Van Bruinessen and Fanani record it in Indonesian use.

Editions

• Cairo 1282, 1286, 1306, 1308; Būlāq 1297 with al-Anbābī’s notes (GAL)
• [Cairo]: al-Maṭbaʿa al-ʿĀmira al-Malījiyya, 1324/1906, 76 pp., with the matn in the margin and al-Anbābī’s taqrīr (QNL)
• Diyarbakır: Sīdā, 2014 (as glosses on al-Akhḍarī’s commentary)
• Istanbul: Dār Taḥqīq al-Kitāb, 2023, ed. Māhir Muḥammad ʿAdnān ʿUthmān, with the taqrīrs of al-Sharshīmī and al-Anbābī

Sources

• Qatar National Library, QNL:00000752
• Brockelmann, GAL Supplement II (1938), pp. 705–706 (archive.org scan)
• Sharḥā al-Bājūrī wa-l-Bannānī ʿalā al-Sullam (Istanbul: Dār Taḥqīq al-Kitāb, 2023), archive.org
• University of Copenhagen, Islamic manuscripts of the Horn of Africa database: al-Sullam, linked commentaries
• M. van Bruinessen, ‘Kitab kuning’, BKI 146 (1990)

A short marginal commentary (ṭurra); an old complete copy in the Nouakchott (IMRS) collection. Recorded in WAAMD; author names and dates as in WAAMD/ALA V.

Sources

• West African Arabic Manuscript Database (WAAMD), record 9766

Recorded in WAAMD; author names and dates as in WAAMD/ALA V.

Sources

• West African Arabic Manuscript Database (WAAMD), record 41788

Rabat 543 (GAL).

Sources

• Brockelmann, GAL Supplement II (1938), pp. 705–706 (archive.org scan)

Listed among his works by the TDV; printing details not given. A Turkish list of printed commentaries has ‘Şankîtî (1428/2007)’, which may refer to this work or to al-Ḍawʾ al-mushriq.

Sources

• ‘Şinkītî, Muhammed Habîbullah’, TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi
• Ahdarî’nin es-Süllem’ül-Münevrak eserinin şerhleri (list of printed commentaries), archive.org

Recorded in WAAMD; author names and dates as in WAAMD/ALA V.

Sources

• West African Arabic Manuscript Database (WAAMD), record 45562

WAAMD calls it a gloss (taʿlīq). Recorded in WAAMD; author names and dates as in WAAMD/ALA V.

Sources

• West African Arabic Manuscript Database (WAAMD), record 44398

Recorded in WAAMD; author names and dates as in WAAMD/ALA V.

Sources

• West African Arabic Manuscript Database (WAAMD), record 44802

When commenting on al-Akhḍarī’s line about his age (21), the author added lines saying he himself was 19, dated the end of Jumādā I 1335/March 1917. Recorded in WAAMD; author names and dates as in WAAMD/ALA V.

Sources

• West African Arabic Manuscript Database (WAAMD), record 41505

Studies the poem’s structure, content, terminology and teaching value (144 couplets).

Editions

• Isparta, 2017

Sources

• SDU open archive

Fanani describes it as concise, explaining the rules of logic and linguistic points and quoting earlier commentaries. Region assumed from the nisba.

Editions

• Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 2007

Sources

• A. Fanani and M. S. A. Widigdo, ‘The Art of Logic in Muslim Scholarship’, Afkar 24/2 (2022)

Malay record of a Moroccan teacher’s lessons, compiled by his Malay student in Morocco.

Editions

• Darul Hikmah Press, ISBN 9789672686613

Sources

• bookshop.sg

Known only from a digital copy; author’s dates and region not established.

Sources

• archive.org

Listed with al-Bannānī’s commentary in the logic part of the Nabbāghiyya maḥaẓra curriculum (blog post, 2008); not otherwise identified.

Sources

• Curriculum of Nabbaghiya’s mahdhara (2008)

A series of sixteen lessons (recordings and texts on archive.org); the same author edited the poem.

Sources

• archive.org

One of two explanatory works on the Sullam written by the author as a student at Sarang (NU Online); title as given there.

Sources

• NU Online, ‘Inilah 10 Kitab Karya Kiai Sahal Mahfudh’ (2014)

A Turkish list of printed commentaries gives 1424/2003.

Sources

• archive.org
• Ahdarî’nin es-Süllem’ül-Münevrak eserinin şerhleri (list of printed commentaries), archive.org

Followed by a treatise on the etiquette of debate (ādāb al-munāẓara).

Editions

• Amman: Dār al-Nūr al-Mubīn, 132 pp., ISBN 978-9957-542-16-0

Sources

• archive.org
• Dār al-Nūr al-Mubīn

Recorded in WAAMD; author names and dates as in WAAMD/ALA V.

Sources

• West African Arabic Manuscript Database (WAAMD), record 47573

Fulani work in the Ségou library of al-Ḥājj ʿUmar (8 pp.). Recorded in WAAMD; author names and dates as in WAAMD/ALA V.

Sources

• West African Arabic Manuscript Database (WAAMD), record 11370

Translation with commentary.

Editions

• Istanbul 1317 (Geçit) or 1303 (archive.org list)
• Latin-script transcription in E. Aksu’s MA thesis (Marmara, 2019)

Sources

• M. S. Geçit, Muhakemat 4 (2024), on Celâlî’s Taʿlīqāt on Kızıl Îcâz
• Ahdarî’nin es-Süllem’ül-Münevrak eserinin şerhleri (list of printed commentaries), archive.org
• E. Aksu, MA thesis, Marmara 2019

Editions

• PT Alma’arif, 1989, 82 pp.

Sources

• Jogjalib union catalogue

Editions

• Algiers, 1921

Sources

• Brockelmann, GAL Supplement II (1938), pp. 705–706 (archive.org scan)
• M. Naci Bolay, ‘Ahdarî’, TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi 1 (1988)

Short, extended and ‘easy’ lesson series on the poem and on al-Quwaysinī’s and al-Damanhūrī’s commentaries, freely available online; a transcript of the Quwaysinī lessons is in Shamela.

Sources

• archive.org (Sharḥ al-Quwaysinī lessons)
• archive.org (extended commentary)
• Shamela

Word-by-word explanation of the poem.

Sources

• Key to the Garden Institute

Contains al-Damanhūrī, al-Wallālī, al-Quwaysinī with al-Darwī’s taqārīr, al-Akhḍarī’s own commentary, and Qaddūra with al-Sijilmāsī’s taqrīrāt. Publisher and date not shown in the record consulted.

Sources

• Majmūʿ al-Sullam al-murawnaq fī ʿilm al-manṭiq (seven works), archive.org

Al-Bannānī’s commentary, Qaṣṣāra’s gloss, Saʿīd Qaddūra’s commentary and al-Sijilmāsī’s gloss in one lithographed volume; date not shown in the record consulted.

Sources

• Majmūʿ arbaʿ kutub ʿalā al-Sullam al-murawnaq, Fez lithograph, archive.org

Editions

• Tumanurung 5/1 (2025) 43–52

Sources

• Tumanurung

Editions

• Thesis, 2003 (Universiti Putra Malaysia repository)

Sources

• UPM record via UniSZA

A very concise Arabic commentary from the author’s early (‘Old Said’) period, with its own tradition of glosses.

Editions

• Istanbul: Evkāf Matbaası, 1339/1920–21
• Maṭbaʿat al-Taraqqī, 1385/1965, with taʿlīqs by Muḥammad Bashīr al-Khalīlī
• ed. Ahmet Akgündüz (Istanbul: Osmanlı Araştırmaları Vakfı, 2019)
• Turkish translations by Niyazi Beki and by Ahmet Akgündüz (2020)

Sources

• M. S. Geçit, Muhakemat 4 (2024), on Celâlî’s Taʿlīqāt on Kızıl Îcâz
• M. S. Geçit, Muhakemat 1/2 (2022), on the taʿlīqāt on Kızıl İcaz
• PhilArchive: Kızıl îcâz, ed. Akgündüz (2019)

Arabic rewriting of the author’s earlier Javanese commentary Tuḥfat al-nāẓirīn, written at the age of 27.

Editions

• 2023 (PDF published by Maktabah Nahdlatul Ulum Banten, CC BY-NC-ND)

Sources

• archive.org

Name as given (in Turkish form) by Geçit; originally a manuscript.

Editions

• Printed in Celâlî’s Taʿlīqāt (2009)

Sources

• M. S. Geçit, Muhakemat 4 (2024), on Celâlî’s Taʿlīqāt on Kızıl Îcâz

Rabat 543,2 (GAL); author not further identified.

Sources

• Brockelmann, GAL Supplement II (1938), pp. 705–706 (archive.org scan)

Known from a manuscript scan online; author not further identified.

Sources

• archive.org scan

Sources

• archive.org

Recorded in WAAMD; author names and dates as in WAAMD/ALA V.

Sources

• West African Arabic Manuscript Database (WAAMD), record 47312

Details taken over from the Īsāghūjī catalogue; the PDF could not be reopened for this catalogue.

Editions

• Santri Salaf Press, 2012, foreword by KH Abdulloh Kafabihi Mahrus (Lirboyo)

Sources

• archive.org PDF (etaoin)

Prosody of the poem (rajaz) and its topics; counts 144 lines in 17 sections.

Editions

• BA thesis, UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung, 2024

Sources

• UIN SGD digital library

A ‘manzum Javanese translation’ (van Bruinessen); printing details not seen.

Sources

• M. van Bruinessen, ‘Kitab kuning’, BKI 146 (1990)
• A. Fanani and M. S. A. Widigdo, ‘The Art of Logic in Muslim Scholarship’, Afkar 24/2 (2022)

Editions

• Afkar 24/2 (2022) 241–274

Sources

• A. Fanani and M. S. A. Widigdo, ‘The Art of Logic in Muslim Scholarship’, Afkar 24/2 (2022)

Full recitation for students memorising the poem.

Editions

• SeekersGuidance website, 2015

Sources

• SeekersGuidance

Section-by-section English rendering; translator not named. No printed English translation was found.

Editions

• Online, terjemahkitab.com, n.d.

Sources

• Terjemahkitab

Commentary by a woman scholar, still glossed and copied for study in Mauritania (Owen); her logic work is unpublished (IslamOnline).

Sources

• University of Bayreuth, lecture by David Owen on Ghadīja Mint al-ʿĀqil (2023)
• IslamOnline, ‘Khadīja bint al-ʿĀqil’ (2021)

Editions

• Istanbul 1317/1899–1900

Sources

• M. Naci Bolay, ‘Ahdarî’, TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi 1 (1988)
• M. S. Geçit, Muhakemat 4 (2024), on Celâlî’s Taʿlīqāt on Kızıl Îcâz
• Ahdarî’nin es-Süllem’ül-Münevrak eserinin şerhleri (list of printed commentaries), archive.org