Sharḥ al-Ishārāt wa-l-tanbīhāt

Al-Rāzī's commentary on Ibn Sīnā's Pointers and Reminders is a critical reading that raises objections to Ibn Sīnā's doctrines, in logic as elsewhere, alongside its explanations; he also wrote an abridgement of the Ishārāt, Lubāb al-Ishārāt. In logic it takes up such questions as the relation between conception (taṣawwur) and assent (taṣdīq). Naṣīr al-Dīn al-Ṭūsī wrote his own commentary on the Ishārāt (Ḥall mushkilāt al-Ishārāt) largely to defend Ibn Sīnā against al-Rāzī. The resulting debate between the two commentaries framed much of later logic and philosophy in Arabic and Persian.

Draft · awaiting review by a qualified teacher