Miḥakk al-naẓar

The Touchstone of Reasoning is al-Ghazālī's other full logic manual, close to the Miʿyār al-ʿilm in contents and order, treating the syllogism and then definition. Like the Miʿyār it presents Avicennan logic for theologians and jurists rather than for philosophers. Scholars disagree on whether it was written before or after the Miʿyār; one account holds that al-Ghazālī gave the Miʿyār its final form only after the Miḥakk. Together with the Miʿyār and the Mustaṣfā it shows how al-Ghazālī carried logic into Sunnī scholarship.

Draft · awaiting review by a qualified teacher