al-Ishārāt wa-l-tanbīhāt (logic)

Pointers and Reminders is probably Ibn Sīnā's last major work, written in short paragraphs headed 'pointer' (ishāra), 'reminder' (tanbīh) and the like; its logic part is divided into ten sections (nahj). It is the shortest of his logics but reorganises the material in an original way: it treats productive syllogisms by figure rather than by modal mix, redefines the absolute proposition and divides syllogisms into connective (iqtirānī) and repetitive (istithnāʾī). This arrangement shaped nearly all post-Avicennan logic. It drew a long line of commentators, above all Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī and Naṣīr al-Dīn al-Ṭūsī, whose exchange over it set the agenda for later logicians.

Draft · awaiting review by a qualified teacher